File:Foreigner Head Games (1979 Atlantic publicity photo).jpg

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維基百科，自由的百科全書

原始檔案 ‎（1,080 × 1,065 像素，檔案大小：124 KB，MIME 類型：image/jpeg）

摘要

描述
English: Musical group Foreigner in a 1979 publicity photo for their album Head Games. Pictured left to right; Ian MacDonald, Rick Wills, Mick Jones, Lou Gramm, Al Greenwood, and Dennis Elliot.
日期
來源 Historic Images 1, Archive 1, Historic Images 2, Archive 2, Worthpoint
作者 Distributed by Atlantic Records
授權許可
(重用此檔案)
English: No permission is required for the following reasons:
  1. A search was conducted through the U.S. Copyright Office public catalog, and there is NO record that this was subsequently registered within 5 years of publication. As such, the opportunity for copyright protection on the photo was forfeited and it entered the public domain.
  2. The source images linked above are mechanical scans of the underlying public domain work. These scans are faithful reproductions of the photograph that do not meet the threshold of originality necessary to assert a copyright interest.

English: This is a publicity still taken and publicly distributed to promote the subject or a work relating to the subject.
  • As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honathaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook (Focal Press, 2001, p. 211.):
    "Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
  • Nancy Wolff, in The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook (Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.), notes:
    "There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them."
  • Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989, p. 87), writes:
    "According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
  • Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference of cinema scholars and editors[1], that:
    "[The conference] expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."


授權條款

本影像屬於公有領域，因為該影像是單純針對一件公有領域原作進行機械掃描，或（從現有證據來看）類似掃描而來的，或該重製照片可以預期不會有版權保護。原作屬於公有領域，是因下述原因：
Public domain
本作品屬於公有領域，是因為該作品於1978年至1989年3月1日間於美國發表且不帶著作權聲明，其著作權在5年內沒有持續在美國著作權局登記。但除非該作品作者已經過世多年，否則在對於美國作品不適用較短期限法則的國家和地區仍受著作權保護，如加拿大（過世後50年）、中國大陸（過世後50年，不含港澳地區）、德國（過世後70年）、墨西哥（過世後100年）、瑞士（過世後70年），以及其他有本地條約的國家。更多解釋請參閱這個頁面。

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本標籤主要用於該掃描件有可能使用任何增強功能（如亮度、對比度、色彩調整、銳利化等），而這些增強功能無法達到原創性而無法產生版權的情形下使用。而該標籤也能使用在無法判定本掃描件使用任何增強功能，以及已知使用增強功能但沒有充分證據時。對於採取原始忠實掃描而不使用增強功能的照片，可以適當採用{{PD-old}}標籤取代。對於本標籤的使用方法，參見如何使用PD-Scan標籤。

注意：本標籤只能使用於掃描重製照片。對於在一定距離外拍攝公有領域作品的照片，請使用{{PD-Art}}。參見Commons:如何使用PD-Art模板。
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日期/時間縮⁠圖尺寸使用者備⁠註
目前2023年10月30日 (一) 02:46於 2023年10月30日 (一) 02:46 版本的縮圖1,080 × 1,065（124 KB）PascalHDno watermark, cropped
2023年10月30日 (一) 02:41於 2023年10月30日 (一) 02:41 版本的縮圖600 × 770（115 KB）PascalHDfront
2023年10月30日 (一) 02:40於 2023年10月30日 (一) 02:40 版本的縮圖779 × 1,000（80 KB）PascalHDUploaded a work by RCA Records from https://historicimages.com/products/hcx41857 with UploadWizard

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