手術陰道分娩

手術陰道分娩
手術陰道分娩
	1800年產科用來助產的工具
專科	產科

手術陰道分娩是指利用產鉗或真空牽引（英语：Ventouse）輔助的陰道分娩^[1]。

若在分娩時有胎兒窘迫或產婦窘迫等情形，就需要使用手術陰道分娩，這是替代剖宫产的作法^[2]。相較於剖宫产，目前手術陰道分娩使用情形已在下降^[2]^[3]。主要使用的兩種工具是產鉗及真空牽引器，各自會有不同的併發症風險。使用手術陰道分娩對產婦可能有的併發症有：骨盆底層（英语：pelvic floor）受傷、會陰撕裂（英语：Perineal tear）或產後出血^[4]^[5]。嬰兒可能會有的併發症有：頭皮瘀傷、視網膜出血、頭皮及臉部的擦傷^[5]^[6]。

手術陰道分娩是造成產後出血的危險因子之一。

參考資料

^ Operative Vaginal Delivery (PDF). RCOG. NICE. January 2011 [3 October 2018]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-17）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Research gaps and needs to optimize the use of assisted vaginal birth: technical brief. World Health Organization. 2023 [July 25, 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-25）.
^ Evanson SM, Riggs J. Forceps Delivery. StatPearls (Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing). 2023 [2023-07-31]. PMID 30855808. （原始内容存档于2022-08-13）.
^ Spinelli A, Laurenti V, Carrano FM, Gonzalez-Díaz E, Borycka-Kiciak K. Diagnosis and Treatment of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries: New Evidence and Perspectives. Journal of Clinical Medicine. July 2021, 10 (15): 3261. PMC 8347477 . PMID 34362045. doi:10.3390/jcm10153261 .
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Norwitz ER, Zelop CM, Miller DA, Keefe D (编). Evidence-based obstetrics and gynecology. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell. 2019. ISBN 978-1-119-07298-0.
^ Verma, Ganga L.; Spalding, Jessica J.; Wilkinson, Marc D.; Hofmeyr, G. Justus; Vannevel, Valerie; O'Mahony, Fidelma. Instruments for assisted vaginal birth. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021-09-24, 2021 (9): CD005455. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 8462579 . PMID 34559884. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005455.pub3.

[1] Operative Vaginal Delivery (PDF). RCOG. NICE. January 2011 [3 October 2018]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-17）.

[World_Health_Organization_2023-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Research gaps and needs to optimize the use of assisted vaginal birth: technical brief. World Health Organization. 2023 [July 25, 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-25）.

[Evanson_2023-3] Evanson SM, Riggs J. Forceps Delivery. StatPearls (Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing). 2023 [2023-07-31]. PMID 30855808. （原始内容存档于2022-08-13）.

[Spinelli_2021-4] Spinelli A, Laurenti V, Carrano FM, Gonzalez-Díaz E, Borycka-Kiciak K. Diagnosis and Treatment of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries: New Evidence and Perspectives. Journal of Clinical Medicine. July 2021, 10 (15): 3261. PMC 8347477 . PMID 34362045. doi:10.3390/jcm10153261 .

[Norwitz_2019-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Norwitz ER, Zelop CM, Miller DA, Keefe D (编). Evidence-based obstetrics and gynecology. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell. 2019. ISBN 978-1-119-07298-0.

[:0-6] Verma, Ganga L.; Spalding, Jessica J.; Wilkinson, Marc D.; Hofmeyr, G. Justus; Vannevel, Valerie; O'Mahony, Fidelma. Instruments for assisted vaginal birth. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021-09-24, 2021 (9): CD005455. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 8462579 . PMID 34559884. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005455.pub3.

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參考資料