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SpaceX星舰测试任务列表

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星艦亞軌道原型艦SN8發射

SpaceX 在2019至2021年期間共進行8次亞軌道飛行測試。這些測試只是用星艦(上級)而不是完整星艦發射系統。這些測試包括靜態點火測試或繫留點火測試[1]及10至12.5公里亞軌道飛行測試[2]

SpaceX於2019年開始使用星蟲進行多項測試,包括兩次低空繫留飛行測試[1]。隨後星蟲及原型艦SN5和SN6均進行了一次150m低空飛行測試[3][4][5]。另外五艘原型艦(SN8、SN9、SN10、SN11、SN15)分別進行了一次10至12.5公里高的亞軌道飛行測試。[6][7] 在下降過程中,星艦將進行迎風面翻轉機動(Belly Flop),並以水平姿態下降,通過四個機身襟翼進行氣動控制,以模擬在軌任務中大氣層再入後的下降過程。[8]當下降至約500米的高度時,猛禽發動機將重新點火並將飛船翻轉為垂直姿態,以便在混凝土降落區著陸。[9]

飛行記錄

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飛行編號 日期及時間
(UTC)
星艦 發射場[a] 飛行高度 飛行時間(mm:ss) 發射結果 降落結果
- 2019年4月3日 星蟲 亞軌道發射場 <0.3米(1英尺0英寸) ~00:03 成功 不適用
星蟲首次點火及首次進行繫留飛行測試。[10][11]此次測試約爲3秒且星蟲被鎖定在地上。[11][12]
- 2019年4月5日 星蟲 亞軌道發射場 1米(3英尺3英寸) ~00:05 成功 不適用
繫留飛行測試,拴繩達到極限長度。[13]
1 25 July 2019[3] 星蟲 亞軌道發射場 20米(66英尺)[14] ~00:22 成功 成功
首次非繫留飛行測試
2 2019年8月27日22:00[15][16] 星蟲 亞軌道發射場 150米(490英尺)[15] 00:57[17] 成功 成功
星艦第二次飛行測試,星蟲在此次測試後退役。[15][18][19]
3 2020年8月4日23:57[20][21] SN5 亞軌道發射台A 150米(490英尺)[20] 00:51[22] 成功 成功
第二次150米飛行測試,第一次完整尺寸星艦飛行測試[23][24]
4 2020年9月3日17:47[25] SN6 亞軌道發射台A 150米(490英尺)[26] 00:52[27] 成功 成功
第三次150米飛行測試,第二次完整尺寸星艦飛行測試[25]
5 2020年12月9日22:45[28] SN8 亞軌道發射台A 12.5 km(41,000英尺)[29] 06:42[30] 成功 失败
首次高空飛行測試。星艦成功發射、爬升、完成俯衝下降機動、利用降落燃料箱内的燃料重新啓動發動機,並成功導航至降落區。[29][31]星艦成功進行迎風面翻轉機動,但液態甲烷内的壓力急劇下降導致燃料供給速度降低,造成硬著陸及爆炸。[29]
6 2021年2月2日20:25[7] SN9 亞軌道發射台B 10 km(33,000英尺)[32][7][33] 06:26[33] 成功 失败
其中一具猛禽發動機啓動失敗,導致SN9在降落時過度翻轉而失控撞擊降落區並爆炸摧毀。[33][34][35][36]
7 2021年3月3日23:15[37][38] SN10 亞軌道發射台A 10 km(33,000英尺)[39] 06:20[40][b] 成功 部分失败
SN10順利發射及爬升,但發生硬著陸並導致箭體傾斜及起火。[43]最終於降落後8分鐘爆炸摧毀。
8 2021年3月30日13:00[44] SN11 亞軌道發射台B 10 km(33,000英尺)[45] 05:49[c][44] 成功 失败
SN11其中一具猛禽發動機於爬升期間發生故障,[46]箭體於T+6:00爆炸摧毀。[47][48] 馬斯克表示其中一具猛禽發動機發生液態甲烷泄漏並導致發動機硬啓動(Hard Start)而爆炸。[49]
9 2021年5月5日22:24[50] SN15 亞軌道發射台A 10 km(33,000英尺)[51] 05:59[52] 成功 成功
SN15為新一代亞軌道原型艦,並對比上代有著大量升級。[53]。SN15成功完成軟著陸。儘管降落後起火,但於20分鐘後熄滅,[54][55]隨後SN15退役並於2023年7月拆除報廢。[56]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ 所有測試都是來自星港
  2. ^ 儘管成功著陸並開始卸載燃料,但數分鐘後箭體發生爆炸並摧毀。SpaceX稱此次為一次成功的著陸,但後來承認發動機提供的推力低於預期而導致硬著陸[41],並超過著陸腿的最大承載力而爆炸。[42][38]
  3. ^ 遙測數據中斷時間

References

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  55. ^ Template:Cite Tweet
  56. ^ Beyer, Jack. RIP SN15. X (formerly Twitter). July 27, 2024 [September 11, 2024].