扁颅蝠冠状病毒HKU4

扁颅蝠冠状病毒HKU4
病毒分类
（未分级）：	病毒 Virus
域：	核糖病毒域 Riboviria
界：	正核糖病毒界 Orthornavirae
门：	小核糖病毒门 Pisuviricota
纲：	小南嵌套病毒纲 Pisoniviricetes
目：	套式病毒目 Nidovirales
科：	冠状病毒科 Coronaviridae
属：	乙型冠状病毒属 Betacoronavirus
种：	扁颅蝠冠状病毒HKU4 Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4

扁颅蝠冠状病毒HKU4（Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4、Bat-CoV HKU4）是乙型冠状病毒属的一种病毒，于2006年由香港大学的研究团队发表，在香港的扁颅蝠样本中被发现^[1]，其基因组长约30000nt，除冠状病毒皆有的复制酶与四种结构蛋白外，此病毒还有NS3a、NS3b、NS3c与NS3d等四种辅助蛋白^[2]。

在乙型冠状病毒属中此病毒与中东呼吸症候群冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）、刺猬冠状病毒和伏翼蝠冠状病毒HKU5（HKU5）的关系较为接近^[3]。此病毒与中东呼吸症候群冠状病毒皆使用二肽基肽酶-4（DPP4）为感染细胞的受体，不过前者已适应人类细胞的DPP4而得以对其造成感染，后者则否^[4]。2018年的研究显示中国广东、广西的扁颅蝠属蝙蝠样本中发现了许多与HKU4高度相关的病毒，且HKU4在野外可能有与和MERS-CoV相关的病毒发生重组（英语：Reassortment）的情形^[5]。

参考文献

^ Woo, Patrick C.Y.; Lau, Susanna K.P.; Li, Kenneth S.M.; Poon, Rosana W.S.; Wong, Beatrice H.L.; Tsoi, Hoi-wah; Yip, Bethanie C.K.; Huang, Yi; Chan, Kwok-hung; Yuen, Kwok-yung. Molecular diversity of coronaviruses in bats. Virology. 2006, 351 (1): 180–187. ISSN 0042-6822. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2006.02.041.
^ Woo, P. C. Y.; Wang, M.; Lau, S. K. P.; Xu, H.; Poon, R. W. S.; Guo, R.; Wong, B. H. L.; Gao, K.; Tsoi, H.-w.; Huang, Y.; Li, K. S. M.; Lam, C. S. F.; Chan, K.-h.; Zheng, B.-j.; Yuen, K.-y. Comparative Analysis of Twelve Genomes of Three Novel Group 2c and Group 2d Coronaviruses Reveals Unique Group and Subgroup Features. Journal of Virology. 2006, 81 (4): 1574–1585. ISSN 0022-538X. doi:10.1128/JVI.02182-06.
^ Corman, V. M.; Kallies, R.; Philipps, H.; Gopner, G.; Muller, M. A.; Eckerle, I.; Brunink, S.; Drosten, C.; Drexler, J. F. Characterization of a Novel Betacoronavirus Related to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in European Hedgehogs. Journal of Virology. 2013, 88 (1): 717–724. ISSN 0022-538X. doi:10.1128/JVI.01600-13.
^ Yang, Y.; Du, L.; Liu, C.; Wang, L.; Ma, C.; Tang, J.; Baric, R. S.; Jiang, S.; Li, F. Receptor usage and cell entry of bat coronavirus HKU4 provide insight into bat-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2014, 111 (34): 12516–12521. ISSN 0027-8424. doi:10.1073/pnas.1405889111.
^ Luo, Chu-Ming; Wang, Ning; Yang, Xing-Lou; Liu, Hai-Zhou; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Hu, Ben; Peng, Cheng; Geng, Qi-Bin; Zhu, Guang-Jian; Li, Fang; Shi, Zheng-Li; Gallagher, Tom. Discovery of Novel Bat Coronaviruses in South China That Use the Same Receptor as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. Journal of Virology. 2018, 92 (13). ISSN 0022-538X. doi:10.1128/JVI.00116-18.

[WooLau2006-1] Woo, Patrick C.Y.; Lau, Susanna K.P.; Li, Kenneth S.M.; Poon, Rosana W.S.; Wong, Beatrice H.L.; Tsoi, Hoi-wah; Yip, Bethanie C.K.; Huang, Yi; Chan, Kwok-hung; Yuen, Kwok-yung. Molecular diversity of coronaviruses in bats. Virology. 2006, 351 (1): 180–187. ISSN 0042-6822. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2006.02.041.

[WooWang2006-2] Woo, P. C. Y.; Wang, M.; Lau, S. K. P.; Xu, H.; Poon, R. W. S.; Guo, R.; Wong, B. H. L.; Gao, K.; Tsoi, H.-w.; Huang, Y.; Li, K. S. M.; Lam, C. S. F.; Chan, K.-h.; Zheng, B.-j.; Yuen, K.-y. Comparative Analysis of Twelve Genomes of Three Novel Group 2c and Group 2d Coronaviruses Reveals Unique Group and Subgroup Features. Journal of Virology. 2006, 81 (4): 1574–1585. ISSN 0022-538X. doi:10.1128/JVI.02182-06.

[CormanKallies2013-3] Corman, V. M.; Kallies, R.; Philipps, H.; Gopner, G.; Muller, M. A.; Eckerle, I.; Brunink, S.; Drosten, C.; Drexler, J. F. Characterization of a Novel Betacoronavirus Related to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in European Hedgehogs. Journal of Virology. 2013, 88 (1): 717–724. ISSN 0022-538X. doi:10.1128/JVI.01600-13.

[YangDu2014-4] Yang, Y.; Du, L.; Liu, C.; Wang, L.; Ma, C.; Tang, J.; Baric, R. S.; Jiang, S.; Li, F. Receptor usage and cell entry of bat coronavirus HKU4 provide insight into bat-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2014, 111 (34): 12516–12521. ISSN 0027-8424. doi:10.1073/pnas.1405889111.

[LuoWang2018-5] Luo, Chu-Ming; Wang, Ning; Yang, Xing-Lou; Liu, Hai-Zhou; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Hu, Ben; Peng, Cheng; Geng, Qi-Bin; Zhu, Guang-Jian; Li, Fang; Shi, Zheng-Li; Gallagher, Tom. Discovery of Novel Bat Coronaviruses in South China That Use the Same Receptor as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. Journal of Virology. 2018, 92 (13). ISSN 0022-538X. doi:10.1128/JVI.00116-18.

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