方蟹总科

方蟹总科
	紫色食草蟹 Hemigrapsus nudus
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
亚门：	甲壳亚门 Crustacea
纲：	软甲纲 Malacostraca
目：	十足目 Decapoda
亚目：	腹胚亚目 Pleocyemata
下目：	短尾下目 Brachyura
派：	真短尾派 Eubrachyura
亚派：	胸孔亚派 Thoracotrenmata
总科：	方蟹总科 Grapsoidea; Macleay（英语：Alexander Macleay）, 1838
科
	见内文

方蟹总科（学名：Grapsoidea）是十足目短尾下目下的一个总科，旗下包括有陆生、半陆生（当繁殖时会回到海里）及水生等不同分类单元的品种。

方蟹总科的生活方式和生境多样，包括陆地、河口半咸水附近、深海热泉旁等。长期以来该类群的分类和系统发育关系存在诸多争议。^[1]

目前，方蟹科和斜纹蟹科之间的分别尚待修订：因为科纹蟹科被发现了并非单系群的生物。同样地，在相手蟹科之下同样有几个属都有类似的问题^[2]^[3]^[4]。另外，沙蟹科是与方蟹科关系最密切的生物品种，事实上，这两个物种是侧系群的。因此，有建议这两个科的物种应该合并^[4]。

分类

方蟹总科可分为^[5]：

地蟹科 Gecarcinidae
雕方蟹科 Glyptograpsidae
方蟹科 Grapsidae
盾牌蟹科 Percnidae
- 盾牌蟹属 Percnon Gistel, 1848
  - 短身盾牌蟹 Percnon abbreviatum (Dana, 1851)
  - Percnon affine (H.Milne Edwards, 1853)
  - Percnon gibbesi (H.Milne Edwards, 1853)
  - 单刺盾牌蟹 Percnon guinotae Crosnier, 1965
  - Percnon paleogenicus De Angeli, 2023
  - Percnon pascuensis Retamal, 2002
  - 裸掌盾牌蟹 Percnon planissimum (Herbst, 1804)
  - Percnon santurbanensis Ceccon & De Angeli, 2019
  - Percnon sinense Chen, 1977
斜纹蟹科 Plagusiidae
相手蟹科 Sesarmidae
弓蟹科 Varunidae
怪方蟹科 Xenograpsidae ：只有怪方蟹属，原属弓蟹科^[6]^[7]。
似扁方蟹科 Leptograpsodidae

参考文献

^ 白纹方蟹线粒体基因组全序列测定及方蟹总科比较分析. 水生生物学报. 2023-08-15, 47 (8): 1237–1247. doi:10.7541/2023.2022.0259.
^ Schubart, Christoph D.; Cuesta, José A.; Felder, Darryl L. GLYPTOGRAPSIDAE, A NEW BRACHYURAN FAMILY FROM CENTRAL AMERICA: LARVAL AND ADULT MORPHOLOGY, AND A MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE GRAPSOIDEA. Journal of Crustacean Biology. 2002-02, 22 (1): 28–44. doi:10.1651/0278-0372(2002)022[0028:GANBFF]2.0.CO;2.
^ Schubart, Christoph D.; Liu, Hung-Chang & Cuesta, José A. (2003): A new genus and species of tree-climbing crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from Taiwan with notes on its ecology and larval morphology. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51(1): 49-59. PDF fulltext （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Schubart, C. D.; Cannicci, S.; Vannini, M.; Fratini, S. Molecular phylogeny of grapsoid crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura) and allies based on two mitochondrial genes and a proposal for refraining from current superfamily classification. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 2006-08, 44 (3): 193–199. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2006.00354.x.
^ Grapsoidea MacLeay, 1838. WoRMS. [2023-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2024-01-22）.
^ {{cite journal|journal=[[Raffles Bulletin of Zoology ||year=2009 |volume=Suppl. 21 |pages=1–109 |title=A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans |author=Sammy De Grave, N. Dean Pentcheff, Shane T. Ahyong et al. |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606064728/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |archivedate=2011-06-06 }}
^ {{cite journal|journal=[[Raffles Bulletin of Zoology ||year=2008 |volume=17 |pages=1–286 |title=Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world |author=Peter K. L. Ng, Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s17/s17rbz.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606061453/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s17/s17rbz.pdf |archivedate=2011-06-06 }}

[1] 白纹方蟹线粒体基因组全序列测定及方蟹总科比较分析. 水生生物学报. 2023-08-15, 47 (8): 1237–1247. doi:10.7541/2023.2022.0259.

[2] Schubart, Christoph D.; Cuesta, José A.; Felder, Darryl L. GLYPTOGRAPSIDAE, A NEW BRACHYURAN FAMILY FROM CENTRAL AMERICA: LARVAL AND ADULT MORPHOLOGY, AND A MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE GRAPSOIDEA. Journal of Crustacean Biology. 2002-02, 22 (1): 28–44. doi:10.1651/0278-0372(2002)022[0028:GANBFF]2.0.CO;2.

[3] Schubart, Christoph D.; Liu, Hung-Chang & Cuesta, José A. (2003): A new genus and species of tree-climbing crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from Taiwan with notes on its ecology and larval morphology. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51(1): 49-59. PDF fulltext （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[Schubart2006-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Schubart, C. D.; Cannicci, S.; Vannini, M.; Fratini, S. Molecular phylogeny of grapsoid crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura) and allies based on two mitochondrial genes and a proposal for refraining from current superfamily classification. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 2006-08, 44 (3): 193–199. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2006.00354.x.

[5] Grapsoidea MacLeay, 1838. WoRMS. [2023-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2024-01-22）.

[Grave-6] {{cite journal|journal=[[Raffles Bulletin of Zoology ||year=2009 |volume=Suppl. 21 |pages=1–109 |title=A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans |author=Sammy De Grave, N. Dean Pentcheff, Shane T. Ahyong et al. |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606064728/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |archivedate=2011-06-06 }}

[Ng-7] {{cite journal|journal=[[Raffles Bulletin of Zoology ||year=2008 |volume=17 |pages=1–286 |title=Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world |author=Peter K. L. Ng, Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s17/s17rbz.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606061453/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s17/s17rbz.pdf |archivedate=2011-06-06 }}

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