法蒂玛旅
外观
法蒂玛旅 لواء الفاطميون | |
---|---|
领导人 | 阿里·礼萨·塔瓦索利 †[1][2] 穆斯塔法·萨德尔扎德 †[2] 海珊·费达伊 †[3] |
活跃期 | 2014年11月 – 至今[4] |
效忠于 | 伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队[3][5][6] |
总部 | 伊朗马什哈德 |
活跃地区 | 叙利亚[1][7][8][9][10] 叶门[11] |
意识形态 | 什叶伊斯兰主义 霍梅尼主义 |
口号 | إِن يَنصُرْكُمُ ٱللَّهُ فَلَا غَالِبَ لَكُمْ 如果真主帮助你,没有人能打败你[12][13][14] |
人数 | 约 10,000 – 20,000人[3] |
隶属于 | 抵抗轴心[15][16] |
盟友 | 叙利亚阿拉伯共和国 伊朗伊斯兰共和国 俄罗斯联邦 巴基斯坦真主党 黎巴嫩真主党 伊拉克什叶派民兵[17] 叶门胡希运动 叶门最高政治委员会 |
对手 | 自由叙利亚军 叙利亚伊斯兰阵线 努斯拉阵线 自由沙姆人伊斯兰运动 伊拉克和沙姆伊斯兰国 叙利亚民主力量[18] 叶门共和国哈迪政府 以色列国 沙乌地阿拉伯王国 美利坚合众国 沙姆解放组织 |
战役、战争 | 叙利亚内战
阿富汗内战[26] |
法蒂玛旅(阿拉伯语:لواء الفاطميون)是叙利亚内战中一个在2014年建立的亲政府民兵组织,由伊朗政府招募的阿富汗什叶派穆斯林组成,协助叙利亚政府对抗反政府武装。法蒂玛旅由伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队训练及提供资金和装备,并由伊朗军官指挥作战。[4]据报法蒂玛旅在2016年6月的兵力有12,000-14,000人。[27] 法蒂玛旅的成员主要从伊朗的阿富汗难民以及阿富汗的哈扎拉人中招募。[28]应募者获承诺给予伊朗公民权及500美元月薪。[4][29]他们在伊朗接受两星期的基本军事训练后,以包机送到叙利亚参与战斗。[30]
在叙利亚政府收复幼发拉底河以西的大部分失地后,2019年美国之音报导已有数以千计的法蒂玛旅成员离开叙利亚。阿富汗官员担心这些有战斗经验的人返回阿富汗后或会继续听令于伊朗,威胁阿富汗安全,要求伊朗勿把他们送回阿富汗。[31]
历史
[编辑]成立背景
[编辑]法蒂玛旅是由前阿富汗什叶派民兵组织阿布札尔旅的战士组成,阿布札尔旅活跃并参与过苏维埃-阿富汗战争、第三次阿富汗内战及伊朗-伊拉克战争,因美国入侵阿富汗后崩溃。在伊朗-伊拉克战争期间,阿布札尔旅的成员支持伊朗并组成志愿军参与了战争,而受到苏维埃-阿富汗战争的影响,阿布札尔旅有著丰富的游击战与山地作战的经验,因此在战争期间,阿布札尔旅的成员多驻扎在山上。此外,伊朗也在阿富汗与巴基斯坦扶植多个亲伊朗组织,包含阿富汗真主党及巴基斯坦真主党,并与阿布札尔旅保持著友好关系。
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Iran mourns 7 Afghans killed fighting for Damascus ally. Daily Star Lebanon. [7 May 2015]. (原始内容存档于3 April 2015).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 yalibnan. Top Iranian Guards commander, several fighters killed in Syria. 24 October 2015 [6 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于3 June 2016).
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Ahmad Shuja Jamal. Mission Accomplished? What's Next for Iran's Afghan Fighters in Syria. War on the Rocks. 13 February 2018 [4 August 2018]. (原始内容存档于14 May 2019).
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Phillip Smyth. Iran's Afghan Shiite Fighters in Syria. Washington Institute for Near East Policy. 3 June 2014 [18 May 2022]. (原始内容存档于11 November 2017). 引用错误:带有name属性“irantrained”的
<ref>
标签用不同内容定义了多次 - ^ AFPC 2017,第340页.
- ^ Liwa al-Fatemiyoun. Jihad Intel. [4 August 2018]. (原始内容存档于4 August 2018).
- ^ Syria rebel group denies releasing Afghan prisoners. 23 February 2016 [23 February 2016]. (原始内容存档于24 February 2016).
- ^ Sohranas. More than 50 air raids carried out on Jeser al-Shagour, and the violent clashes continue around hills in Frikah village and al-Alawin checkpoint. Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. [9 May 2015].
- ^ Leith Fadel. Syrian Army and Hezbollah Make Huge Gains in Southern Aleppo: Military Operations Begin in Al-Hadher. Al-Masdar News. 2 November 2015 [29 August 2016]. (原始内容存档于28 March 2019).
- ^ Amir Toumaj. Iranian military involvement in the battle for Aleppo. The Long War Journal. 3 August 2016 [29 August 2016]. (原始内容存档于1 February 2017).
- ^ Iran Sent Them to Syria. Now Afghan Fighters Are a Worry at Home.. New York Times. 11 November 2017 [12 November 2017]. (原始内容存档于17 August 2019).
Not only did Iran send smaller units of the Fatemiyoun to cross Syrian borders and fight in Yemen
- ^ Ari Heistein; James West. Syria's Other Foreign Fighters: Iran's Afghan and Pakistani Mercenaries. National Interest. 20 November 2015 [18 May 2022]. (原始内容存档于2019-01-17).
- ^ Robillard 2021,第167–187页.
- ^ Drums Of War: Israel And The "AXIS OF RESISTANCE" (PDF), International Crisis Group, 2 August 2010, (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-04)
- ^ After ISIS, Fatemiyoun Vows to Fight with "Axis of Resistance" to Destroy Israel. Middle East Institute. [2020-07-23]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-16).
- ^ Drums Of War: Israel And The "AXIS OF RESISTANCE" (PDF), International Crisis Group, 2 August 2010, (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-04)
- ^ After ISIS, Fatemiyoun Vows to Fight with "Axis of Resistance" to Destroy Israel. Middle East Institute. [2020-07-23]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-16).
- ^ 18.0 18.1 Christoph Reuter. American Fury: The Truth About the Russian Deaths in Syria: Hundreds of Russian soldiers are alleged to have died in U.S. airstrikes at the beginning of February. Reporting by Der Spiegel shows that events were likely very different. 互联网档案馆的存档,存档日期2018-03-04. Der Spiegel, 2 March 2018.
- ^ Amir Toumaj. Qassem Soleimani reportedly spotted in Syria's Hama province. Long War Journal. 2 April 2017 [3 April 2017]. (原始内容存档于3 April 2017).
- ^ Amir Toumaj. Qassem Soleimani allegedly spotted in Syria near the Iraqi border. Long War Journal. 14 June 2017 [15 June 2017]. (原始内容存档于1 May 2019).
- ^ Including a Commander, new dead of Fatimioun militia in Syria. Al-Dorar Al-Shamia. 27 July 2017 [28 August 2017]. (原始内容存档于1 August 2017).
- ^ UN aid convoy to make fresh attempt to reach battered Syrian rebel enclave. www.yahoo.com. [2018-03-09]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-19).
- ^ Military commander in the Southern Front illustrates latest developments of Daraa. 22 June 2018 [18 July 2018]. (原始内容存档于18 November 2018).
- ^ Joe Truzman. IRGC trained militias suffer losses in northwest Syria. Long War Journal. 14 February 2020 [17 February 2020]. (原始内容存档于17 February 2020).
- ^ Mashal, Mujib; Faizi, Fatima. Iran Sent Them to Syria. Now Afghan Fighters Are a Worry at Home.. The New York Times. November 11, 2017 [November 12, 2017]. (原始内容存档于August 17, 2019).
- ^ شورش مهدی بلخابی؛ نبرد علیه طالب به رهبری طالب. ایندیپندنت فارسی. 19 August 2022 [2024-04-14]. (原始内容存档于2023-12-23).
- ^ تشکیلات فعلی فاطمیون ابتدا یک هیئت خانگی بود/ تعدادی از افغانها از اروپا به فاطمیون آمدند و شهید شدند. [2017-06-13]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-02).
- ^ Afghanistan arrests Iran official for recruiting Shiite fighters. NOW. 2016-08-29. (原始内容存档于2016-08-30).
- ^ Afghans in Syria: Ayatollah’s soldiers serving Assad. 2014-11-05 [2016-05-06]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-24).
- ^ Fariba Sahraei. "Syria war: The Afghans sent by Iran to fight for Assad" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). BBC News. 15 April 2016.
- ^ Returning from Syria, Iranian-Backed Afghan Fighters Could Pose Threat. VOA. 2019-04-08 [2019-04-09]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-09).