XB-19轰炸机

外部视频链接
	Film of the first test flight on 27 June 1941
	Newsreel of the interior of the airplane

Douglas XB-19
概观
类型	重型轰炸机
乘员	16名战斗人员，还有2名飞行机械师和6名救援人员
首飞	1941年6月27日
退役	1946年8月17日
生产	道格拉斯飞行器公司
产量	1架
现况	已退役，报废
主要用户	美国陆军航空军
技术数据
长度	132ft4in(40.34m)
翼展	212ft0in(64.62m)
高度	42ft0in(12.80m)
翼面积	4,285sq ft(398.1m²)
空重	86,000lb(39,009kg)
正常起飞重量	140,000lb(63,503kg)
最大起飞重量	162,000lb(73,482kg)
发动机	4具莱特R-3350-5 Duplex旋风（英语：Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone）18缸风冷径向活塞发动机
推力	每具2,000hp(1,500kW)
性能数据
最大速度	224mph(360km/h,195kn)
巡航速度	135mph(217km/h,117kn)
爬升率	650ft/min(3.3m/s)
最大升限	23,000ft(7,000m)
最大航程	5,200mi(8,400km,4,500nmi)
武器装备
机枪	5挺0.5in(12.70mm)白朗宁M2重机枪; 6挺0.3in(7.62mm)白朗宁M1919中型机枪
机炮	2挺37mm(1.457in)M4机炮（英语：M4 autocannon）
炸弹	内部搭载:18,700lb(8,500kg)，总搭载:37,100lb(16,800kg)

Douglas XB-19是一款由道格拉斯飞行器公司在19世纪40年代初为美国陆军航空军制造的四发活塞驱动重型轰炸机。该设计最初被命名为XBLR-2（XBLR 表示“远程实验轰炸机”）。该机在1946年之前为美国空军最大的轰炸机，而后被B-36和平缔造者轰炸机超越。

发展[编辑]

XB-19计画旨在测试巨型轰炸机的飞行特性和设计技术。尽管技术的进步使得XB-19在完成之前就已经过时了，但美国陆军航空兵团相信该原型机对于测试很有用，尽管道格拉斯飞机公司希望取消这个昂贵的项目。^[a]该机建造了很长时间，以至于完工时甚至只在XB-35和XB-36竞争合约发生前两个月。

该机于1941年6月27日首飞，距建造合约已三年多。1942年1月至11月期间，其基地位于莱特机场（英语：Wilbur Wright Field）。^[3]^[b]1943年，费希博德（英语：Fisher Body）的飞机部门将莱特R-3350发动机（英语：Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone）更换为液冷式W24艾里逊V-3420-11（英语：Allison V-3420），以支援XB-39专案。^[5]^[6]作为该计划的一部分，它配备了发动机驱动的动力辅助装置。^[7]^[8] 完成测试后，XB-19被改装为货机，但改装并未完成，飞机于 1946年8月17日进行最后一次飞行。最终于1949年6月在图森报废。^[9]^[10]

美国空军曾计划保存B-19以供展示，但1949年空军并没有保存退役飞机的计划，空军博物馆也尚未建成。^[11]^[12] B-19因此被报废，但它的两个巨大的主轮胎保存了下来。^[c]一个在犹他州奥格登希尔空军基地的希尔航空航天博物馆（英语：Hill Air Force Base）展出，另一个在位于俄亥俄州代顿的美国空军国家博物馆。^[14]

参考[编辑]

注脚[编辑]

^ The cost of the aircraft was estimated at $3,250,000 in 1941.^[2]
^ While there, it took part in tests to measure noise levels inside aircraft.^[4]
^ The tires measured 96 inches in diameter.^[13]

注记[编辑]

^ Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume I. London: Naval Institute Press. 1988: 307–312. ISBN 0870214284.
^ The Job of Air Corps Test Pilots, Air Corps Newsletter, 1941-07-01: 23 [2021-01-09]
^ Final Report: Investigation of Concrete Pavements on Different Subgrades (报告). Ohio River Division Laboratories: 7. January 1946 [2022-02-15].
^ Beranek, Leo L.; Nichols, Rudolph H.; Rudmose, H. Wayne; Sleeper, Harvey P.; Wallace, Robert L.; Ericson, Harold L. Principles of Sound Control in Airplanes (报告). Office of Scientific Research and Development, National Defense Research Committee: 68. 1944 [2022-02-15].
^ Aircraft Program Operating Report, Fisher Body Division, General Motors Corporation: 59, [2022-02-15]
^ McSurely, Alexander. Data on XB-19 Installations Aid Army's Big Plane Program. Aviation News. Vol. 2 no. 22. 1944-12-25: 9–10 [2022-02-15].
^ Exner, D. W., Parallel Operation of Airplane Alternators, Technical Data Digest 10 (1) (Technical Data Library, Engineering Division), January 1944, 10 (1): 33–34 [2022-02-15]
^ Miner, J. D. High Frequency A.C. "Ups" Motor Performance. Aviation. Vol. 43 no. 9. September 1944: 126–127 [2022-02-15].
^ Kaplan, Philip. Big Wings: The Largest Aircraft Ever Built. Pen & Sword Aviation. 2005. ISBN 978-1844151783.
^ Wagner, Ray. American Combat Planes of the 20th Century: A Comprehensive Reference. Reno, Nevada: Jack Bacon & Company. 2004. ISBN 0-930083-17-2.
^ B-19 Arrives to Join Collection. Arizona Daily Star. 1946-08-18: 15 [2022-02-15].
^ Air Force's First Giant Bomber, XB-19, Now Being Demolished, Technical Data Digest 14 (16) (Central Air Documents Office, Navy–Air Force), 1949-08-15, 14 (16): 8 [2022-02-15]
^ Development of Retractable Landing Gear: They Tuck Themselves Away, Air Forces News Letter 24 (15) (Headquarters, Army Air Forces), September 1941, 24 (15): 15 [2022-02-15]
^ XB-19 Main Landing Gear Wheel & Tire. National Museum of the United States Air Force. [2022-02-15].

Boone, Andrew R. Uncle Sam Builds a Europe-and-Back Warplane. Popular Science. Vol. 137 no. 6. December 1940: 56–59 [2022-02-15].
Dedication of the New XB-19 Bomber, Air Corps News Letter 24 (10) (Intelligence Division, Air Corps), 1941-05-15, 24 (10): 1–2 [2022-02-15]
Lynn, Bert D., What Became of the B-19?, Douglas Airvew 12 (3), March 1945, 12 (3): 8–9, 28 [2022-02-15]
Man-O'-War with Wings. Popular Mechanics. Vol. 76 no. 1. July 1941: 8–11, 191 [2022-02-15].
McLarren, Robert. The World's Biggest Bomber. Model Airplane News. Vol. 23 no. 5. November 1940: 14–15, 60–62 [2022-02-15].
Monster Warbird B-19 Tries Out Its Wings. Popular Mechanics. Vol. 76 no. 3. September 1941: 27 [2022-02-15].
The Development of the Heavy Bomber, 1918–1944 (PDF), US Air Force Historical Studies, Historical Division, Air University: 87–88, 1951 [2022-02-15]
The Douglas B-19. Flight. 1941-06-19 [2022-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2013-09-27）.
The World's Biggest Bomber. Popular Mechanics. Vol. 74 no. 6. December 1940: 814–815 [2022-02-15].

外部链接[编辑]

Encyclopedia of American aircraft

[3] The cost of the aircraft was estimated at $3,250,000 in 1941.^[2]

[6] While there, it took part in tests to measure noise levels inside aircraft.^[4]

[16] The tires measured 96 inches in diameter.^[13]

[Francillon-1] Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume I. London: Naval Institute Press. 1988: 307–312. ISBN 0870214284.

[2] The Job of Air Corps Test Pilots, Air Corps Newsletter, 1941-07-01: 23 [2021-01-09]

[4] Final Report: Investigation of Concrete Pavements on Different Subgrades (报告). Ohio River Division Laboratories: 7. January 1946 [2022-02-15].

[5] Beranek, Leo L.; Nichols, Rudolph H.; Rudmose, H. Wayne; Sleeper, Harvey P.; Wallace, Robert L.; Ericson, Harold L. Principles of Sound Control in Airplanes (报告). Office of Scientific Research and Development, National Defense Research Committee: 68. 1944 [2022-02-15].

[7] Aircraft Program Operating Report, Fisher Body Division, General Motors Corporation: 59, [2022-02-15]

[8] McSurely, Alexander. Data on XB-19 Installations Aid Army's Big Plane Program. Aviation News. Vol. 2 no. 22. 1944-12-25: 9–10 [2022-02-15].

[9] Exner, D. W., Parallel Operation of Airplane Alternators, Technical Data Digest 10 (1) (Technical Data Library, Engineering Division), January 1944, 10 (1): 33–34 [2022-02-15]

[10] Miner, J. D. High Frequency A.C. "Ups" Motor Performance. Aviation. Vol. 43 no. 9. September 1944: 126–127 [2022-02-15].

[11] Kaplan, Philip. Big Wings: The Largest Aircraft Ever Built. Pen & Sword Aviation. 2005. ISBN 978-1844151783.

[12] Wagner, Ray. American Combat Planes of the 20th Century: A Comprehensive Reference. Reno, Nevada: Jack Bacon & Company. 2004. ISBN 0-930083-17-2.

[13] B-19 Arrives to Join Collection. Arizona Daily Star. 1946-08-18: 15 [2022-02-15].

[14] Air Force's First Giant Bomber, XB-19, Now Being Demolished, Technical Data Digest 14 (16) (Central Air Documents Office, Navy–Air Force), 1949-08-15, 14 (16): 8 [2022-02-15]

[15] Development of Retractable Landing Gear: They Tuck Themselves Away, Air Forces News Letter 24 (15) (Headquarters, Army Air Forces), September 1941, 24 (15): 15 [2022-02-15]

[17] XB-19 Main Landing Gear Wheel & Tire. National Museum of the United States Air Force. [2022-02-15].

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