波痕

波痕（英語：ripple marks）是由於流體（水或風）的流動在沉積物表面形成的波狀起伏的構造。一般由沉積物表層的砂粒在遷移過程中形成在層面上的沙波。波痕有三種：流水波痕（Current formed ripples）：呈不對稱狀，波谷與波峰均較圓滑，陡坡傾向與流向一致^[1] ^[2]。浪成波痕（wave-formed ripples）：對稱的浪或波痕，波峰尖、波谷圓滑^[3]。風成波痕（Wind-formed ripples）：呈不對稱狀，波谷寬闊，波峰圓滑，陡坡傾向與風向一致^[4]。

參考文獻[編輯]

^ Boggs Jr., Sam. (2006) Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy, 4th ed
^ Easterbrook, Don J. Surface processes and landforms. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1999. Print. ISBN 0-13-860958-6 pp. 479-480
^ Nichols, Gary. (2009) Sedimentology and Stratigraphy, Wiley, ISBN 978-1405135924
^ Greeley, Ronald, and James D. Iversen. Wind as a Geological Process On Earth, Mars, Venus and Titan (Cambridge Planetary Science Old). New York: Cambridge UP, 1987. ISBN 0-521-35962-7 pp. 153-154

外部連結[編輯]

Ripple Marks and Uniformitarianism （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
Unidirectional flow: Sand ripples and grain distribution 2D model （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
Unidirectional flow: Sand ripples and topography 2D model （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
Waves: Sand ripples and grain distribution 2D model （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
Waves: Sand ripples and topography 2D model （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

[”Boggs”-1] Boggs Jr., Sam. (2006) Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy, 4th ed

[”Easterbrook”-2] Easterbrook, Don J. Surface processes and landforms. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1999. Print. ISBN 0-13-860958-6 pp. 479-480

[”Nichols”-3] Nichols, Gary. (2009) Sedimentology and Stratigraphy, Wiley, ISBN 978-1405135924

[”-4] Greeley, Ronald, and James D. Iversen. Wind as a Geological Process On Earth, Mars, Venus and Titan (Cambridge Planetary Science Old). New York: Cambridge UP, 1987. ISBN 0-521-35962-7 pp. 153-154

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