種族融合校車
種族融合校車是美國為了讓該國學校的種族多元化而採取的措施，目的是讓不同學區內的學生前往其他學區和其他種族的學生一起讀書。[1]
1954年，美國最高法院在布朗訴托皮卡教育局案中作出判決，宣布公立學校的種族隔離政策違憲，但許多美國學校仍然拒絕招收其他種族的學生。為了讓學校的學生種族多元化，1971年最高法院鼓勵讓多個種族的學生共坐一輛校車，即種族融合校車。 [2]
種族融合校車政策遭到了白人和黑人的強烈反對， [3][4] 結果許多白人離開原本的居住地，即白人群飛。 [5]
參考文獻[編輯]
- ^ Zhao, Christina. What is busing? Joe Biden forced to defend record of segregation in face of Kamala Harris attacks. Newsweek. June 27, 2019 [June 28, 2019].
- ^ Theoharis, George. 'Forced busing' didn't fail. Desegregation is the best way to improve our schools.. The Washington Post. October 23, 2015 [January 15, 2019].
- ^ Formisano, Ronald P. Boston Against Busing : Race, Class, and Ethnicity in the 1960s and 1970s.. University of North Carolina Press. January 2012. ISBN 978-0-8078-6970-3. OCLC 1058531778.
- ^ Delmont, Matthew F. Why busing failed : race, media, and the national resistance to school desegregation. University of California Press. 2016. ISBN 978-0-520-28425-8. OCLC 1107279446.
- ^ Frum, David. How We Got Here: The '70s. New York, New York: Basic Books. 2000: 252–264. ISBN 0-465-04195-7.