聯盟、進步和民主

維基百科，自由的百科全書
聯盟、進步和民主
Unión Progreso y Democracia
發言人Cristiano Brown
成立2007年9月26日 (2007-09-26)
總部馬德里
智庫進步和民主基金會
黨員
（2017年）		約1500[1]
意識形態進步主義[2][3][4][5][6]
社會自由主義[7][8][9][10][11]
世俗主義[12][13][14]
中央集權主義[8][11][12][15][16]
改良主義[16][17][18]
歐洲聯邦主義[12][19]
激進中間主義[20][21][22]
君主主義[23][24]
西班牙愛國主義[25][26][27]
反民族主義[6][28]
政治立場中間
歐洲組織無
國際組織無
歐洲議會黨團歐洲自由民主聯盟黨團
官方色彩  洋紅色
歐洲議會
1 / 54
地方政府
128 / 67,511
市鎮
4 / 8,122
官方網站
www.upyd.es
西班牙政治
政黨 · 選舉

聯盟、進步和民主（西班牙語：Unión Progreso y Democracia[29][30][31][32][33][34]；[uˈnjon, pɾoˈɣɾeso i ðemoˈkɾaθja]，簡稱UPyD，[upeiˈðe][note 1]）是西班牙的一個中間派政黨，成立於2007年9月26日。該黨奉行社會自由主義路線，反對西班牙國內各種形式的分離主義運動。該黨成立之初，發展迅速，但近年來逐漸式微。

註解與參考資料[編輯]

註解[編輯]

  1. ^ 英文名稱：Union, Progress and Democracy，官方名稱不包含逗號。[35]

參考資料[編輯]

  1. ^ （西班牙文） Cristiano Brown es elegido nuevo líder de UPyD （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, El Español
  2. ^ Medina, Lucía. From recession to long-lasting political crisis? Continuities and changes in Spanish politics in times of crisis and austerity (pdf). Working Paper. Vol. 334 (Institut de Ciències Polítiques i Socials (ICPS)). 2015: 4 [3 Feb 2016]. ISSN 1133-8962. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-05-03）. and Union, Progress and Democracy (a progressive party founded in 2007 and strongly characterized by its rejection of the peripheral nationalisms 
  3. ^ Miftari 2015，第32頁: "The center oriented and progressive UPyD"
  4. ^ Lansford 2014，第1337頁: "Founded in 2007, the UPyD is a liberal, progressive party that advocates expanded federalism, including restoring central control over education and health care"
  5. ^ Sánchez-Cuenca & Dinas 2016，第144頁: "Unión Progreso y Democracia (UPyD– a progressive party in favour of the unity of Spain)"
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Seoane Pérez 2010，第266頁: "The anti-nationalist, progressive UPyD failed to become the third political force, as some polls had predicted, but still won its first seat in the EP with 2.9 per cent of the vote"
  7. ^ Political Parties in Andalucia - UPyD. andalucia.com. [25 August 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-03）. Formed in 2007, the UPYD is a social liberal party that rejects nationalism in all forms and wants to adopt a system of symmetric federalism with political centralization as a territorial model 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Mateos, Araceli; Penadés, Alberto. España: crisis y recortes (pdf). Revista de ciencia política (Santiago). 2013, 33 (1): 175 [January 12, 2016]. ISSN 0718-090X. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-03-08） （西班牙語）. Unión Progreso y Democracia (5 escaños) es un partido de centro, con una combinación de ideología social liberal y de centralismo territorial, enemigo del nacionalismo periférico en España 
  9. ^ Painter 2013，第208頁: "The leftist 『United Left』 and the moderate social liberal party Union, Progress and Democracy, saw their support increase by 3 per cent and 3.5 per cent, respectively"
  10. ^ Wolfram Nordsieck. SPAIN. Parties and Elections in Europe. [15 August 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2018-10-23）. Unión, Progreso y Democracia (UPD): Social liberalism 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 UPyD. Ideology: centralism, social liberalism. Political Position: Centre （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, European Social Survey
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Ávila López 2015，第85頁: "Party: UPyD: Unión Progreso y Democracia (Union, Progress & Democracy). President / Leader: Andrés Herzog. Ideology: Centralism, secularism, European federalism"
  13. ^ Dorange 2013，第100頁: "Partido españolista, republicano, nacional y laico, defiende la igualdad ciudadana en contra de los hechos diferenciales del nacionalismo considerados discriminatorios"
  14. ^ The Democratic Society. Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD). demsoc.org. [3 Feb 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2015-07-01）. The party is rigidly secularist, and declares itself to be neither left nor right 
  15. ^ Leonisio, Rafael; Strijbis, Oliver. Beyond Self-placement: Why Nationalism is a Better Predictor of Electoral Behaviour in the Basque Country (PDF). Spanish Journal of Sociological Research (REIS). 2014, (146): 56 [2017-09-04]. ISSN 0210-5233. （原始內容 (pdf)存檔於2017-08-11） （西班牙語及英語）. UA had disappeared and a centralist and centrist party had emerged: UPyD (Union Progress and Democracy) 
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 Fernández-Albertos, José. EU election: idea of Europe remains powerful in Spain. The Conversation. May 19, 2014 [February 20, 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-03）. and the liberal-reformist and centralist Union Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 
  17. ^ Vaquer, Jordi. Party Systems in Disarray, and the Emergence and Consolidation of New Actors in Southern Europe (pdf). 2015 [November 13, 2016]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-07-21）. and the centre reformist UPyD (6.5%) 
  18. ^ Vidal & Jiménez Losantos 2012: "cualquier acuerdo con UPyD, la única fuerza reformista española"
  19. ^ The Democratic Society. Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD). demsoc.org. [3 Feb 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2015-07-01）. The party is the most pro-European in Spain, and supports a federal Europe, which it sees as an important guarantor of individual rights 
  20. ^ How much is enough?. 經濟學人. 6 November 2008 [9 June 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2017-12-03）. Mr Savater and Rosa Díez, a former Basque Socialist leader, have set up a new party of the radical centre called Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD), in an effort to combine social liberalism with a defence of the idea of Spain 
  21. ^ Dvořáková, Monika. Politický a stranický systém Andalusie a volby v letech 2008 - 2012 (pdf). Masarykova univerzita: 19. 2012 [February 3, 2016]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-10-19） （捷克語）. UPyD je považována za stranu radikálního centrismu 
  22. ^ Azagra Ros & Romero González 2012，第120頁: "más el radical-centrismo de UPyD"
  23. ^ Navarro, Pedro Antonio. El Congreso da su plácet al relevo (PDF). El siglo de Europa. No. 1068. 2014: 18 [3 Feb 2016]. ISSN 2254-9234. （原始內容 (pdf)存檔於2016-03-06） （西班牙語）. Por su parte, UPyD, por boca de su jefa de filas, Rosa Díez, sorprendía en su intervención, no por el sentido de su pronunciamiento, que ya había sido anunciado con anterioridad, sino por la dureza de su exposición cuando aludía a la forma de Estado republicana, recurriendo a comparaciones como las de la República Popular de Corea o la República Islámica de Irán para denostar esta modalidad de Estado. Su confesión monárquica iba más allá, cuando dedicaba encendidos elogios a Juan Carlos I, de quien aseguró que 「supo aprender de la sociedad española, aprender de fracasos y se puso del lado de los que queríamos construir una España plural y democrática」 
  24. ^ Rivero, Borja. Elecciones regionales en España: ¿Quién teme al lobo feroz?. Cafébabel. 26 May 2015 [April 9, 2016]. ISSN 2110-5669. （原始內容存檔於2017-08-28） （西班牙語）. UPyD o Unión Progreso y Democracia, partido de centro político, socio-liberal, progresista, centralista y monárquico 
  25. ^ Rodríguez Teruel, Juan; Barrio, Astrid. Going National: Ciudadanos from Catalonia to Spain (pdf). South European Society and Politics (Routledge). 2016, 21 (4): 587–607 [2017-09-04]. ISSN 1360-8746. doi:10.1080/13608746.2015.1119646. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2018-06-18）. In September 2007, Unión Progreso y Democracia had been created in Madrid. The new party had many similarities to Ciudadanos in terms of party agenda and strategy. It defended Spanish patriotism and criticised the evolution of decentralisation in Spain and the role of Catalan and Basque nationalism in Spanish politics 
  26. ^ （法文） Un parti centriste irrite les grands partis, Le Temps
  27. ^ Armada, Alfonso. Otra España. Atisbos de un nuevo patriotismo. ABC. 4 July 2008 [14 April 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2019-05-03） （西班牙語）. 
  28. ^ Bonet i Martí 2015，第127頁: "Unión Progreso y Democracia (UPyD, a Spanish anti-nationalist party)"
  29. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica 2014，第488頁: "and Union, Progress and Democracy (UPD, 7.7%) on the centre-right"
  30. ^ Ugarriza & Caluwaerts 2014，第68頁.
  31. ^ Bel i Queralt 2012，第XVII頁.
  32. ^ Field & Botti 2013，第10頁.
  33. ^ Ross, Richardson & Sangrador-Vegas 2013，第77頁.
  34. ^ Ştefuriuc 2013，第XII頁.
  35. ^ Ministerio del Interior de España. Union Progreso y Democracia. Registro Oficial de Partidos Políticos. [12 May 2017] （西班牙語）. [永久失效連結]

外部連結[編輯]

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