七氟化錸

七氟化錸
	IUPAC名; rhenium heptafluoride, heptafluoridorhenium
識別
CAS號	17029-21-9
PubChem	123369
ChemSpider	26323924
SMILES	F[Re](F)(F)(F)(F)(F)F;
InChI	1/7FH.Re/h7*1H;/q;;;;;;;+7/p-7/rF7Re/c1-8(2,3,4,5,6)7;
InChIKey	HFHBKXWKPQUYIA-KLJGHBABAK
性質
化學式	ReF7
摩爾質量	319.196 g·mol⁻¹
外觀	亮黃色固體
密度	4.3g/cm3
熔點	48.3°C
沸點	73.72°C
溶解性（水）	水解
蒸氣壓	13.41 kPa
結構
晶體結構	三斜晶系，aP16
空間群	P-1, No. 2
熱力學
ΔfH⦵fus	7.53 kJ/mol
ΔfHvap	30.77 kJ/mol
	若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

七氟化錸是錸的最高價氟化物，化學式為ReF₇。它是一種黃色低熔點的固體^[2]，是唯一在熱力學上穩定的金屬七氟化物，^[3]也是含氟計量比（M:F=1:7）最高的過渡金屬氟化物，它的7個價電子全部用於與氟成鍵。^[4]1.5 K溫度下的中子繞射實驗證實它採用了變形的五角雙錐結構，與七氟化碘類似。^[5]電子繞射實驗證實這個結構是非剛性的。 ^[6]

製備及性質[編輯]

它可由金屬錸和氟氣在400°C直接化合製得：^[7]

2Re + 7 F₂ → 2 ReF₇

七氟化錸在鹼性條件下水解，生成高錸酸和氫氟酸：^[1]

ReF₇ + 4H₂O → HReO₄ + 7HF

它與氟離子的供體作用（如氟化銫）可以生成ReF₈⁻陰離子，後者具有四方反稜柱的空間構型。^[8]與強路易斯酸（氟離子受體，如五氟化銻）作用可以生成ReF₆⁺陽離子。^[7]

參考文獻[編輯]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 J.G.Malm; H.Selig. The vapour-pressures and other properties of ReF6 and ReF7. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 1961, 20 (3): 189–197. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(61)80267-4 （英語）.
^ Rouschias, George. Recent advances in the chemistry of rhenium. Chemical Reviews. 1974-10-01, 74 (5): 531–566. doi:10.1021/cr60291a002.
^ Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.
^ Jianyan Lin, Ziyuan Zhao, Chunyu Liu, Jing Zhang, Xin Du, Guochun Yang, Yanming Ma. IrF 8 Molecular Crystal under High Pressure. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2019-04-03, 141 (13): 5409–5414 [2021-11-16]. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/jacs.9b00069 （英語）.
^ Vogt T., Fitch A. N., Cockcroft J. K. Crystal and Molecular Structures of Rhenium Heptafluoride. Science. 1994, 263 (5151): 1265. PMID 17817431. doi:10.1126/science.263.5151.1265.
^ Jacob, E. Jean; Bartell, L.S.J. Electron Diffraction Study of Rhenium Fluorides. II. Structure, Pseudorotation, and Anharmonic Coupling of Modes in ReF7. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 1970, 53 (6): 2235. doi:10.1063/1.1674318.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 A. F. Holleman; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils. Inorganic Chemistry. Boston: Academic Press. 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
^ Hwang, I; Seppelt, K. The structures of ReF₈⁻ and UF₈²⁻. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. 2000, 102: 69. doi:10.1016/S0022-1139(99)00248-1.

[ref7good-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 J.G.Malm; H.Selig. The vapour-pressures and other properties of ReF6 and ReF7. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 1961, 20 (3): 189–197. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(61)80267-4 （英語）.

[2] Rouschias, George. Recent advances in the chemistry of rhenium. Chemical Reviews. 1974-10-01, 74 (5): 531–566. doi:10.1021/cr60291a002.

[Greenwood-3] Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.

[4] Jianyan Lin, Ziyuan Zhao, Chunyu Liu, Jing Zhang, Xin Du, Guochun Yang, Yanming Ma. IrF 8 Molecular Crystal under High Pressure. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2019-04-03, 141 (13): 5409–5414 [2021-11-16]. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/jacs.9b00069 （英語）.

[5] Vogt T., Fitch A. N., Cockcroft J. K. Crystal and Molecular Structures of Rhenium Heptafluoride. Science. 1994, 263 (5151): 1265. PMID 17817431. doi:10.1126/science.263.5151.1265.

[6] Jacob, E. Jean; Bartell, L.S.J. Electron Diffraction Study of Rhenium Fluorides. II. Structure, Pseudorotation, and Anharmonic Coupling of Modes in ReF7. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 1970, 53 (6): 2235. doi:10.1063/1.1674318.

[Wiberg&Holleman-7] 7.0 ^7.1 A. F. Holleman; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils. Inorganic Chemistry. Boston: Academic Press. 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.

[8] Hwang, I; Seppelt, K. The structures of ReF₈⁻ and UF₈²⁻. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. 2000, 102: 69. doi:10.1016/S0022-1139(99)00248-1.

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