室周核

室周核
基本資訊
系統	神經系統
標識字符
拉丁文	nucleus periventricularis
TA98	A14.1.08.924
TA2	5711
FMA	FMA:84354
	《解剖學術語》 [在維基數據上編輯]

它位於下丘腦的吻側、中間和尾部區域。喙區有助於生長抑素和甲狀腺釋放激素的產生。中間部分有助於甲狀腺釋放激素、生長抑素、瘦素、胃泌素和神經肽 y的產生。在人類和靈長類動物中，它還產生GnRH 。最後，尾部區域有助於交感神經系統調節，被視為憤怒中心。室周核沒有有效的血腦屏障。 ^[1]

11β-HSD2表達將皮質醇轉化為可的松。 ^[2]

在 LH 和 GnRH 釋放中的作用[編輯]

該核已被證明可以通過多種方式影響GnRH（促性腺激素釋放激素）的釋放。一種方式是神經肽 Y的表達，它對負責 GnRH 分泌的下丘腦通路有影響。 ^[3]室周核也被證明有許多表達Kisspeptin的神經元，它會產生LH激增，最終導致 GnRH 的釋放。 ^[4]在雌性大鼠中，室周核細胞中雌激素受體β的表達較高，這被認為導致雄性和雌性的 LH 分泌水平不同。 ^[5]

在 GH 釋放中的作用[編輯]

該區域已被證明有助於生長抑素的產生，研究表明釋放生長抑素的神經元受到穀氨酸能神經支配的刺激，從而抑制生長激素的釋放。 ^[6]據認為，男性和女性之間室周核分泌的生長抑素水平存在差異，這被認為是生長激素分泌的性別二態性的原因。 ^[7]也有人提出，瘦素分泌也在室周核釋放 GH 中發揮作用，並且這種激素在 GH 釋放途徑中與生長抑素和生長激素釋放激素(GHRH) 相互作用。 ^[8]室周核神經元中瘦素受體的存在進一步支持了這一點。 ^[9] GH 還可能通過增加下丘腦的細胞因子信號傳導來抑制 GH 釋放途徑，從而對室周核提供調節反饋。 ^[10]

也可以看看[編輯]

前腹室周核

參考[編輯]

^ Ueno M, Akiguchi I, Hosokawa M, Kotani H, Kanenishi K, Sakamoto H. Blood-brain barrier permeability in the periventricular areas of the normal mouse brain. Acta Neuropathologica. 2000, 99 (4): 385–92. PMID 10787037. S2CID 125429. doi:10.1007/s004010051140.
^ Seckl JR. 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in the Brain: A Novel Regulator of Glucocorticoid Action?. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology. 1997, 18 (1): 49–99. PMID 9000459. S2CID 46477930. doi:10.1006/frne.1996.0143.
^ Chiba, A. Neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive (NPY-ir) structures in the brain of the gar Lepisosteus oculatus (Lepisosteiformes, Osteichthyes) with special regard to their anatomical relations to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-ir structures in the hypothalamus and the terminal nerve. General and Comparative Endocrinology. 2005-07-01, 142 (3): 336–346. PMID 15935160. doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.02.010.
^ Rudolph, L. M.; Bentley, G. E.; Calandra, R. S.; Paredes, A. H.; Tesone, M.; Wu, T. J.; Micevych, P. E. Peripheral and Central Mechanisms Involved in the Hormonal Control of Male and Female Reproduction. Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 2016-07-01, 28 (7): 10.1111/jne.12405. ISSN 1365-2826. PMC 5146987 . PMID 27329133. doi:10.1111/jne.12405 （英語）.
^ Orikasa, Chitose; Kondo, Yasuhiko; Hayashi, Shinji; McEwen, Bruce S.; Sakuma, Yasuo. Sexually dimorphic expression of estrogen receptor β in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus of the rat preoptic area: Implication in luteinizing hormone surge. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2002-03-05, 99 (5): 3306–3311. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99.3306O. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 122514 . PMID 11854469. doi:10.1073/pnas.052707299  （英語）.
^ Kiss, József; Csaba, Zsolt; Csáki, Ágnes; Halász, Béla. Glutamatergic innervation of growth hormone-releasing hormone-containing neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and somatostatin-containing neurons in the anterior periventricular nucleus of the rat. Brain Research Bulletin. 2006-10-16, 70 (4–6): 278–288. PMID 17027763. S2CID 3184096. doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.05.006.
^ Murray; Simonian. Correlation of hypothalamic somatostatin mRNA expression and peptide content with secretion: sexual dimorphism and differential regulation by gonadal factors. Neuroendocrinology. 2001, 11 (1): 27–33. PMID 9918226. S2CID 12731896. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.1999.00286.x.
^ Carro, E.; Señarís, R. M.; Seoane, L. M.; Frohman, L. A.; Arimura, A.; Casanueva, F. F.; Diéguez, C. Role of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone and somatostatin on leptin-induced GH secretion. Neuroendocrinology. 1999-01-01, 69 (1): 3–10. ISSN 0028-3835. PMID 9892845. S2CID 8220028. doi:10.1159/000054397.
^ Håkansson, Marie-Louise; Brown, Hilary; Ghilardi, Nico; Skoda, Radek C.; Meister, Björn. Leptin Receptor Immunoreactivity in Chemically Defined Target Neurons of the Hypothalamus. Journal of Neuroscience. 1998-01-01, 18 (1): 559–572. ISSN 0270-6474. PMC 6793379 . PMID 9412531. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-01-00559.1998 （英語）.
^ Kasagi, Yoko; Tokita, Reiko; Nakata, Tomoko; Imaki, Toshihiro; Minami, Shiro. Human growth hormone induces SOCS3 and CIS mRNA increase in the hypothalamic neurons of hypophysectomized rats. Endocrine Journal. 2004-04-01, 51 (2): 145–154. ISSN 0918-8959. PMID 15118263. doi:10.1507/endocrj.51.145 .

外部連結[編輯]

NeuroNames ancil-748

[1] Ueno M, Akiguchi I, Hosokawa M, Kotani H, Kanenishi K, Sakamoto H. Blood-brain barrier permeability in the periventricular areas of the normal mouse brain. Acta Neuropathologica. 2000, 99 (4): 385–92. PMID 10787037. S2CID 125429. doi:10.1007/s004010051140.

[2] Seckl JR. 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in the Brain: A Novel Regulator of Glucocorticoid Action?. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology. 1997, 18 (1): 49–99. PMID 9000459. S2CID 46477930. doi:10.1006/frne.1996.0143.

[3] Chiba, A. Neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive (NPY-ir) structures in the brain of the gar Lepisosteus oculatus (Lepisosteiformes, Osteichthyes) with special regard to their anatomical relations to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-ir structures in the hypothalamus and the terminal nerve. General and Comparative Endocrinology. 2005-07-01, 142 (3): 336–346. PMID 15935160. doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.02.010.

[4] Rudolph, L. M.; Bentley, G. E.; Calandra, R. S.; Paredes, A. H.; Tesone, M.; Wu, T. J.; Micevych, P. E. Peripheral and Central Mechanisms Involved in the Hormonal Control of Male and Female Reproduction. Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 2016-07-01, 28 (7): 10.1111/jne.12405. ISSN 1365-2826. PMC 5146987 . PMID 27329133. doi:10.1111/jne.12405 （英語）.

[5] Orikasa, Chitose; Kondo, Yasuhiko; Hayashi, Shinji; McEwen, Bruce S.; Sakuma, Yasuo. Sexually dimorphic expression of estrogen receptor β in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus of the rat preoptic area: Implication in luteinizing hormone surge. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2002-03-05, 99 (5): 3306–3311. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99.3306O. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 122514 . PMID 11854469. doi:10.1073/pnas.052707299  （英語）.

[6] Kiss, József; Csaba, Zsolt; Csáki, Ágnes; Halász, Béla. Glutamatergic innervation of growth hormone-releasing hormone-containing neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and somatostatin-containing neurons in the anterior periventricular nucleus of the rat. Brain Research Bulletin. 2006-10-16, 70 (4–6): 278–288. PMID 17027763. S2CID 3184096. doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.05.006.

[7] Murray; Simonian. Correlation of hypothalamic somatostatin mRNA expression and peptide content with secretion: sexual dimorphism and differential regulation by gonadal factors. Neuroendocrinology. 2001, 11 (1): 27–33. PMID 9918226. S2CID 12731896. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.1999.00286.x.

[8] Carro, E.; Señarís, R. M.; Seoane, L. M.; Frohman, L. A.; Arimura, A.; Casanueva, F. F.; Diéguez, C. Role of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone and somatostatin on leptin-induced GH secretion. Neuroendocrinology. 1999-01-01, 69 (1): 3–10. ISSN 0028-3835. PMID 9892845. S2CID 8220028. doi:10.1159/000054397.

[9] Håkansson, Marie-Louise; Brown, Hilary; Ghilardi, Nico; Skoda, Radek C.; Meister, Björn. Leptin Receptor Immunoreactivity in Chemically Defined Target Neurons of the Hypothalamus. Journal of Neuroscience. 1998-01-01, 18 (1): 559–572. ISSN 0270-6474. PMC 6793379 . PMID 9412531. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-01-00559.1998 （英語）.

[10] Kasagi, Yoko; Tokita, Reiko; Nakata, Tomoko; Imaki, Toshihiro; Minami, Shiro. Human growth hormone induces SOCS3 and CIS mRNA increase in the hypothalamic neurons of hypophysectomized rats. Endocrine Journal. 2004-04-01, 51 (2): 145–154. ISSN 0918-8959. PMID 15118263. doi:10.1507/endocrj.51.145 .

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