格陵蘭板塊

格陵蘭板塊是一個假定的構造板塊，西側的內爾斯海峽可能是轉換斷層；西南邊是戴維斯海峽下的昂加瓦轉換斷層；東南是大西洋洋中脊；^[1]東北是加科爾山脊，仍在張裂中。^[2]格陵蘭克拉通的岩石有一部分由地球上最老的岩石組成。格陵蘭西南部的伊蘇阿綠岩帶包含地球上已知最老的岩石，有37–38億年歷史。^[3]^:27–49

格陵蘭的前寒武紀基底形成了勞亞地盾的基礎部分，是北美洲板塊的核心。格陵蘭板塊從北美洲板塊分兩個張裂階段形成。第一個發生於白堊紀，形成了巴芬灣。巴芬灣是加拿大北極裂谷系統的西北端，在140 Ma的早白堊世開始擴張。^[4]^:169–209拉布拉多海則在69 Ma的馬斯特里赫特期開始擴張^[5]，但海底擴張在30–35 Ma的漸新世已經停止了。^[6]^:223–254人們期待能在加拿大和格陵蘭間找到構造對應，^[7]但格陵蘭和加拿大的張裂前對應仍不能精確了解。^[8]

北大西洋–拉布拉多海張裂閉合後，格陵蘭板塊就大致和北美洲板塊一起運動了。因此格陵蘭板塊究竟是否獨立存在爭議。^[9]^:179–196^[10]^:125格陵蘭和巴芬島之間的地區卻仍有活躍的地震，以1933年巴芬灣7.3級地震為首的諸多地震震中都在這片地區。截至2009年，科學家們仍不能將地震與特定的地質結構或地球物理異常聯繫起來。有種說法認為地震可能與冰後回彈有關。^[11]^:538–540^[12]^:724–736

另見[編輯]

板塊列表

參考[編輯]

^ BAFFIN BAY (PDF). Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. [2009-10-04]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-06-13）.
^ Denmark hopes to claim North Pole （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） BBC News, 5 October 2004. Accessed 10 November 2006.
^ Appel Peter W.U., Rollinson Hugh R., Touret Jacques L.R. Remnants of an Early Archaean (>3.75 Ga) sea-floor, hydrothermal system in the Isua Greenstone Belt. Precambrian Research. 2001, 112. doi:10.1016/s0301-9268(01)00169-3.
^ Le Pichon, X., Sibuet, J. C. & Francheteau, J. The fit of the continents around the North Atlantic Ocean. Tectonophysics. 1977-03-23, 38–3/4.
^ Roest, W.R.; Srivastava, S.P. Sea-floor spreading in the Labrador Sea: a new reconstruction. Geology. 1989, 17. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<1000:sfsitl>2.3.co;2. ^:1000–1003
^ J. C. Harrison; U. Mayr; D. H. McNeil; A. R. Sweet; J. J. Eberle; D. J. McIntyre; C. R. Harington; James A. Chalmers; Gregers Dam; Henrik Nohr-Hansen. Correlation of Cenozoic sequences of the Canadian Arctic region and Greenland; implications for the tectonic history of northern North America 47 (3). Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology. September 1999.
^ Hoffman, P.F. 1989: Precambrian geology and tectonic history of North America. In: Bally, A.W. & Palmer, A.R. (eds): The geology of North America, 447–512. Boulder,Colorado: Geological Society of America.
^ Niels Henriksen; A.K. Higgins; Feiko Kalsbeek; T. Christopher R. Pulvertaft. Greenland from Archaean to Quaternary (PDF) (185). Greenland Survey Bulletin. 2000 [2009-10-04]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2008-12-07）.
^ Chadwick, B. & Garde, A.A. 1996: Palaeoproterozoic oblique plate convergence in South Greenland: a reappraisal of the Ketilidian Orogen. In: Brewer, T.S. (ed.): Precambrian crustal evolution in the North Atlantic region. Geological Society Special Publication (London) 112
^ Peter A. Ziegler (1990) Geological atlas of Western and Central Europe. London. Geological Society.ISBN 978-90-6644-125-5
^ Stein, S., Sleep, N.H., Geller, R.J., Wang, S.-C. & Kroeger, G.C. Earthquakes along the passive margin of eastern Canada. Geophysical Research Letters (Geophys. Res. Lett.). 1979, 6. doi:10.1029/gl006i007p00537.
^ Allison L. Bent. The 1933 Ms=7.3 Baffin Bay earthquake: strike-slip faulting along the northeastern Canadian passive margin (PDF). Geophysical Journal International (Geophys. J. Int.). 2002-03-18, 150. doi:10.1046/j.1365-246x.2002.01722.x . （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-07-21）.

[1] BAFFIN BAY (PDF). Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. [2009-10-04]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-06-13）.

[2] Denmark hopes to claim North Pole （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） BBC News, 5 October 2004. Accessed 10 November 2006.

[3] Appel Peter W.U., Rollinson Hugh R., Touret Jacques L.R. Remnants of an Early Archaean (>3.75 Ga) sea-floor, hydrothermal system in the Isua Greenstone Belt. Precambrian Research. 2001, 112. doi:10.1016/s0301-9268(01)00169-3.

[4] Le Pichon, X., Sibuet, J. C. & Francheteau, J. The fit of the continents around the North Atlantic Ocean. Tectonophysics. 1977-03-23, 38–3/4.

[5] Roest, W.R.; Srivastava, S.P. Sea-floor spreading in the Labrador Sea: a new reconstruction. Geology. 1989, 17. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<1000:sfsitl>2.3.co;2. ^:1000–1003

[6] J. C. Harrison; U. Mayr; D. H. McNeil; A. R. Sweet; J. J. Eberle; D. J. McIntyre; C. R. Harington; James A. Chalmers; Gregers Dam; Henrik Nohr-Hansen. Correlation of Cenozoic sequences of the Canadian Arctic region and Greenland; implications for the tectonic history of northern North America 47 (3). Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology. September 1999.

[7] Hoffman, P.F. 1989: Precambrian geology and tectonic history of North America. In: Bally, A.W. & Palmer, A.R. (eds): The geology of North America, 447–512. Boulder,Colorado: Geological Society of America.

[8] Niels Henriksen; A.K. Higgins; Feiko Kalsbeek; T. Christopher R. Pulvertaft. Greenland from Archaean to Quaternary (PDF) (185). Greenland Survey Bulletin. 2000 [2009-10-04]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2008-12-07）.

[9] Chadwick, B. & Garde, A.A. 1996: Palaeoproterozoic oblique plate convergence in South Greenland: a reappraisal of the Ketilidian Orogen. In: Brewer, T.S. (ed.): Precambrian crustal evolution in the North Atlantic region. Geological Society Special Publication (London) 112

[10] Peter A. Ziegler (1990) Geological atlas of Western and Central Europe. London. Geological Society.ISBN 978-90-6644-125-5

[11] Stein, S., Sleep, N.H., Geller, R.J., Wang, S.-C. & Kroeger, G.C. Earthquakes along the passive margin of eastern Canada. Geophysical Research Letters (Geophys. Res. Lett.). 1979, 6. doi:10.1029/gl006i007p00537.

[12] Allison L. Bent. The 1933 Ms=7.3 Baffin Bay earthquake: strike-slip faulting along the northeastern Canadian passive margin (PDF). Geophysical Journal International (Geophys. J. Int.). 2002-03-18, 150. doi:10.1046/j.1365-246x.2002.01722.x . （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-07-21）.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]