糞殼菌綱
外觀
糞殼菌綱 | |
---|---|
Sordaria fimicola perithecium magnified 40x | |
科學分類 | |
界: | 真菌界 Fungi |
門: | 子囊菌門 Ascomycota |
亞門: | 盤菌亞門 Pezizomycotina |
綱: | 糞殼菌綱 Sordariomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka, 1997 |
亞綱及科 | |
糞殼菌綱(學名:Sordariomycetes)是真菌界子囊菌門盤菌亞門的一個綱[1],其下包括有15個目、64個科、1119個屬及 10564個品種[2]。糞殼菌綱物種一般都會產生子囊。
分類
[編輯]- 冠囊菌目 Coronophorales
- 海殼菌目 Halosphaeriales
- 肉座菌目 Hypocreales
- 黑孢殼目 Melanosporales
- Ceratostomataceae G. Winter 1885
- 黑孢殼科 Melanosporaceae E.A. Bessey 1950
- 小囊菌目 Microascales Luttr. ex Benny & R.K. Benj. 1980
- 團殼菌目 Boliniales
- 美球菌目 Calosphaeriales
- 刺球殼目 Chaetosphaeriales
- 毛孢殼目 Coniochaetales
- 間座殼菌目 Diaporthales
- Acrodictyaceae
- Apiosporopsidaceae
- Apoharknessiaceae
- Asterosporiaceae
- Aurantiopycnidiellaceae
- Auratiopycnidiellaceae
- Coryneaceae
- Cryphonectriaceae
- Cytosporaceae
- Diaporthaceae
- Diaporthosporellaceae
- Diaporthostomataceae
- Dwiroopaceae
- Erythrogloeaceae
- Foliocryphiaceae
- Gnomoniaceae
- Harknessiaceae
- Juglanconidaceae
- Lamproconiaceae
- Macrohilaceae
- Mastigosporellaceae
- Melanconiaceae
- Melanconidaceae
- Melanconiellaceae
- Melanosporellaceae
- Neomelanconiellaceae
- Phaeoappendicosporaceae
- Phaeochorellaceae
- Prosopidicolaceae
- Pseudomelanconidaceae
- Pseudoplagiostomataceae
- Pseudovalsaceae
- Pyrisporaceae
- Schizoparmaceae
- Schizoparmeaceae
- Stilbosporaceae
- Sydowiaceae
- Sydowiellaceae
- Synnemasporellaceae
- 椿啟介菌科 Tubakiaceae
- 黑腐皮殼科 Valsaceae
- 巨座殼菌目 Magnaporthales
- 長喙殼菌目 Ophiostomatales
- 糞殼菌目 Sordariales
- 匙孢菌目 Spathulosporales Kohlm. 1973
- 炭角菌目 Xylariales
- Atractosporales Huang Zhang, K.D. Hyde & Maharachch. 2017
- Atractosporaceae
- Conlariaceae
- Pseudoproboscisporaceae
- Neodiluviicola W.Dong & H.Zhang, 2021
- Neodiluviicola aquatica' (W.Dong, Huang Zhang & K.D.Hyde) W.Dong & H.Zhang[3]
- Pseudoproboscispora Punith. 1999
- Pseudoproboscispora aquatica (S.W.Wong & K.D.Hyde) Punith.
- Pseudoproboscispora caudae-suis (Ingold) J.Campb., Shearer, J.L.Crane & Fallah
- Pseudoproboscispora thailandensis W.Dong, Huang Zhang & K.D.Hyde
- Neodiluviicola W.Dong & H.Zhang, 2021
- Cancellidiales K.D. Hyde & Hongsanan 2021
- Cancellidiaceae K.D. Hyde & Hongsanan 2021
- Cancellidium
- Obliquiminima W.Dong, H.Zhang & K.D.Hyde, 2021
- Obliquiminima hyalina' W.Dong, H.Zhang & K.D.Hyde, 2021[3]
- Cancellidiaceae K.D. Hyde & Hongsanan 2021
- Distoseptisporales Z.L. Luo, K.D. Hyde & H.Y. Su 2019
- Distoseptisporaceae K.D. Hyde & McKenzie 2016
- Distoseptispora K.D.Hyde, McKenzie & Maharachch., 2016
- Rhexoacrodictys
- Distoseptisporaceae K.D. Hyde & McKenzie 2016
- Fuscosporellales
- Fuscosporellaceae
- Koralionastetales
- Koralionastetaceae
- 路霉目 Lulworthiales
- Hispidicarpomycetaceae
- 路霉科 Lulworthiaceae
- 小煤炭菌目 Meliolales
- 黑痣菌目 Phyllachorales
- Pleurotheciales
- Pleurotheciaceae
- Adelosphaeria Réblová, 2015
- Anapleurothecium Hern.-Rest., R.F.Castañeda & Gené, 2017
- Carpoligna F.A.Fern. & Huhndorf
- Dematipyriforma
- Helicoascotaiwania Dayar., Maharachch. & K.D.Hyde, 2019
- Melanotrigonum Réblová, 2015
- Neomonodictys Y.Z.Lu, C.G.Lin & K.D.Hyde, 2020
- Phaeoisaria
- Pleurotheciella
- Pleurothecium
- Rhexoacrodictys W.A.Baker & Morgan-Jones
- Saprodesmium W.Dong & Doilom, 2021
- Sterigmatobotrys Oudem.
- Pleurotheciaceae
- Savoryellales
- Savoryellaceae
- Aquabispora Jing Yang, E.B.G.Jones & K.D.Hyde, 2023
- Ascotaiwania Sivan. & H.S.Chang, 1992
- Ascotaiwania coffeae[4]
- Ascotaiwania hsilio H.S.Chang & S.Y.Hsieh
- Ascotaiwania latericolla Réblová, Hern.-Restr. & J.Fourn.
- Ascotaiwania licualae J.Fröhl. & K.D.Hyde
- Ascotaiwania lignicola Sivan. & H.S.Chang
- Ascotaiwania mauritiana Dulym., P.F.Cannon, K.D.Hyde & Peerally
- Ascotaiwania mitriformis Ranghoo & K.D.Hyde
- Ascotaiwania pallida K.D.Hyde & Goh
- Ascotaiwania palmicola K.D.Hyde
- Ascotaiwania pennisetorum M.K.M.Wong & K.D.Hyde
- Ascotaiwania sawadae H.S.Chang & S.Y.Hsieh
- Ascotaiwania wulai H.S.Chang & S.Y.Hsieh
- Ascothailandia Sri-indr., Boonyuen, Sivichai & E.B.G.Jones, 2010
- 管隔孢屬 Canalisporium Nawawi & Kuthub.
- Dematiosporium Z.L.Luo, K.D.Hyde & H.Y.Su, 2019
- Kaseifertia Réblová, Hern.-Restr. & J.Fourn., 2020
- Monotosporella S.Hughes
- Neoascotaiwania Hern.-Restr., R.F.Castañeda & Guarro, 2017
- Obliquifusoideum W.Dong & Doilom, 2021
- Savoryella E.B.G.Jones & R.A.Eaton, 1969
- Savoryellaceae
- 假毛球殼目 Trichosphaeriales
- Xenospadicoidales
- Xenospadicoidaceae
- Calyptosphaeria Réblová & A.N.Mill., 2018
- Neospadicoides Z.L.Luo, K.D.Hyde & H.Y.Su, 2019
- Neospadicoides amphibia[5]
- Neospadicoides aquatica Z.L.Luo, K.D.Hyde & H.Y.Su
- Neospadicoides bambusicola J.Y.Zhang, Y.Z.Lu & K.D.Hyde
- Neospadicoides lignicola Z.L.Luo, K.D.Hyde & H.Y.Su
- Neospadicoides thailandica D.F.Bao, H.Y.Su, K.D.Hyde & Z.L.Luo
- Neospadicoides yunnanensis Z.L.Luo, K.D.Hyde & H.Y.Su
- Pseudodiplococcium Hern.-Restr., J.Mena & Gené, 2017
- Spadicoides
- Xenospadicoides
- Xenospadicoidaceae
目的地位未定的科
[編輯]以下各科由於其歸屬關係未能確定,現時屬於「地位未定」,不歸入任何亞綱與目:
- Annulatascaceae
- Amphorula Grove
- Annulatascus K.D.Hyde
- Annulatascus apiculatus F.R.Barbosa & Gusmão
- Annulatascus aquaticus W.H.Ho, K.D.Hyde & Hodgkiss
- Annulatascus aquatorba [6]
- Annulatascus chiangmaiensis X.D.Yu, W.Dong & H.Zhang
- Annulatascus citrisporus J.Fröhl. & K.D.Hyde
- Annulatascus fusiformis K.D.Hyde & S.W.Wong
- Annulatascus hongkongensis W.H.Ho, Ranghoo, K.D.Hyde & Hodgkiss
- Annulatascus joannae C.K.M.Tsui, Hodgkiss & K.D.Hyde
- Annulatascus lacteus C.K.M.Tsui, Hodgkiss & K.D.Hyde
- Annulatascus licualae J.Fröhl. & K.D.Hyde
- Annulatascus liputii L.Cai & K.D.Hyde
- Annulatascus menglensis D.M.Hu, L.Cai & K.D.Hyde
- Annulatascus nakhonensis W.Dong, H.Zhang & K.D.Hyde
- Annulatascus palmietensis Goh, K.D.Hyde & Steinke
- Annulatascus saprophyticus Z.L.Luo & K.D.Hyde
- Annulatascus songkhlaensis W.Dong, H.Zhang & K.D.Hyde
- Annulatascus thailandensis W.Dong, H.Zhang & K.D.Hyde
- Annulatascus tropicalis Ranghoo & K.D.Hyde
- Annulatascus velatisporus K.D.Hyde
- Annulusmagnus J.Campbell & Shearer
- Aqualignicola V.M.Ranghoo, K.M.Tsui & K.D.Hyde, 2001
- Aquasphaeria K.D.Hyde, 1995
- Aquaticola W.H.Ho, K.M.Tsui, Hodgkiss & K.D.Hyde
- Ascitendus J.Campbell & Shearer
- Ayria Fryar & K.D.Hyde, 2004
- Brunneosporella Ranghoo & K.D.Hyde, 2001
- Cataractispora K.D.Hyde, S.W.Wong & E.B.G.Jones, 1999
- Ceratostomella
- Chaetoconis Clem., 1909
- Chaetorostrum S.E.Zelski, H.A.Raja, A.N.Miller & C.A.Shearer, 2011
- Clohiesia
- Conlarium F. Liu & L. Cai 2012
- Conlarium aquaticum W.Dong, Huang Zhang & K.D.Hyde
- Conlarium baiseense L.Xie, Y.L.Chen & B.Liu
- Conlarium dupliciascosporum F.Liu & L.Cai
- Conlarium indicum Rashmi Dubey & Manikpuri
- Conlarium nanningense L.Xie, Y.L.Chen & B.Liu
- Conlarium sacchari L.Xie, Y.L.Chen & B.Liu
- Conlarium subglobosum X.D.Yu, W.Dong & H.Zhang, 2021[3]
- Conlarium thailandense X.D.Yu, H.Zhang & K.D.Hyde
- Cyanoannulus Raja, J.Campb. & Shearer, 2003
- Dictyosporella Abdel-Aziz, 2015
- Dictyosporella aquatica Abdel-Aziz
- Dictyosporella chiangmaiensis X.D.Yu, W.Dong & H.Zhang[3]
- Dictyosporella ellipsoidea W.Dong, H.Zhang & K.D.Hyde[3]
- Dictyosporella guizhouensis J.Yang & K.D.Hyde
- Dictyosporella hydei H.Y.Song & D.M.Hu
- Dictyosporella thailandensis W.Dong, Huang Zhang & K.D.Hyde
- Diluviicola
- Fluminicola S.W.Wong, K.D.Hyde & E.B.G.Jones, 1999
- Fluminicola aquatica W.Dong, Huang Zhang & K.D.Hyde
- Fluminicola bipolaris S.W.Wong, K.D.Hyde & E.B.G.Jones
- Fluminicola saprophytica W.Dong, H.Zhang & K.D.Hyde
- Fluminicola striata X.D.Yu, W.Dong & H.Zhang, 2021[3]
- Fluminicola thailandensis W.Dong, H.Zhang & K.D.Hyde
- Fusoidigranularius W.Dong, H.Zhang & K.D.Hyde, 2021
- Fusoidigranularius nilensis (Abdel-Wahab & Abdel-Aziz) W.Dong, H.Zhang & K.D.Hyde, 2021[3]
- Fusoidispora Vijaykrishna, Jeewon & K.D.Hyde, 2005
- Longicollum Zelski, F.R.Barbosa, Raja, A.N.Mill. & Shearer, 2011
- Longivarius W.Dong, H.Zhang & K.D.Hyde, 2021
- Longivarius aquatorbae (Boonyuen & Sri-indr.) W.Dong, H.Zhang & K.D.Hyde, 2021[3]
- Pseudoannulatascus
- Pseudoproboscispora Punith.
- Rhamphoria Niessl, 1876
- Submersisphaeria K.D.Hyde
- Teracosphaeria Réblová & Seifert, 2007
- Torrentispora K.D.Hyde, W.H.Ho, E.B.G.Jones, C.K.M.Tsui & S.W.Wong, 2000
- Vertexicola
- 梨孢假殼科 Apiosporaceae
- Batistiaceae
- Glomerellaceae
- Jobiellaceae
- 六月舟霉科 Junewangiaceae J.W. Xia & X.G. Zhang 2017
- 垂口霉科 Kathistaceae Malloch & M. Blackw. 1990
- Ectomyces P. Tate 1927
- 垂口霉屬 Kathistes D.W.Malloch & M.Blackwell, 1990
- Mattirolella S.Colla, 1929
- Termitaria Thaxt., 1920
- Termitariopsis M.Blackwell, R.A.Samson & J.W.Kimbrough, 1980
- 巨座殼菌科 Magnaporthaceae
- Obryzaceae
- Papulosaceae
- Flumicola
- Papulosa Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., 1993
- Wongia Khemmuk, Geering & R.G.Shivas, 2016
- 傘型束梗孔菌科 Plectosphaerellaceae
- 葚孢科 Sporidesmiaceae
- 葚孢屬 Sporidesmium
- Thyridiaceae
- Balzania Spegazzini, 1899
- Mattirolia Berl. & Bres.
- Pleurocytospora Petrak, 1923
- Pseudoneoconiothyrium Wanas., Phukhams., Camporesi & K.D.Hyde, 2018
- Sinosphaeria J.Z.Yue & O.E.Erikss., 1987
- Thyridium Nitschke
- Thyronectria Sacc., 1875
- Thyronectroidea Seaver, 1909
- Vialaeaceae
- Vialaea Sacc.
- 目和科的地位未定的屬:
- Abyssomyces Kohlm., 1970
- Acerbiella
- Acrospermoides
- Ameromassaria K.Hara, 1918
- Amphisphaerellula Gucevic, 1952
- Amphorulopsis Petr.
- Amylis Spegazzini, 1922
- Anthostomaria (P.A.Saccardo) Theissen & H.Sydow, 1918
- Anthostomellina L.A.Kantshaveli, 1928
- Aquamarina Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss. 1996
- Aquapteridospora Jiao Yang, K.D.Hyde & Maharachch., 2015
- Aquapteridospora aquatica X.D.Yu, W.Dong & H.Zhang, 2021[7]
- Aquapteridospora bambusinum (D.Q.Dai & K.D.Hyde) D.F.Bao
- Aquapteridospora fusiformis Z.L.Luo, D.F.Bao, H.Y.Su & K.D.Hyde
- Aquapteridospora hyalina J.Ma & Y.Z.Lu
- Aquapteridospora lignicola Jiao Yang, K.D.Hyde & Maharachch.
- Aquimonospora J.Yang & K.D.Hyde, 2019
- Arecacicola Joanne E.Taylor, J.Fröhlich & K.D.Hyde, 2001
- Argentinomyces N.I.Peña & Aramb., 1997
- Ascocollumdensa K.D.Hyde, V.M.Ranghoo & S.W.Wong, 2000
- Ascorhiza Lecht.-Trinka, 1931
- Ascoyunnania L.Cai & K.D.Hyde, 2005
- Assoa Urríes, 1944
- Aulospora Spegazzini, 1909
- Bactrodesmiastrum Hol.-Jech., 1984
- Bactrosphaeria Penzig & Saccardo, 1897
- Bombardiastrum Pat.
- Brenesiella H.Sydow, 1929
- Brunneosporopsis
- Byssotheciella Petrak, 1923
- Caleutypa Petrak, 1934
- Calosphaeriopsis Petrak, 1941
- Caudatispora J.Fröhlich & K.D.Hyde, 1995
- Ceratolenta M.Réblová, 2013
- Chaetoamphisphaeria K.Hara, 1918
- Ciliofusospora Bat. & J.L.Bezerra
- Clypeoceriospora Sousa da Câmara, 1946
- Clypeosphaerulina Sousa da Câmara, 1939
- Cryptoascus Petri, 1909
- Cryptomycina Höhn.
- Cryptophyllachora L.Kiss, Kovács & R.G.Shivas, 2018
- Cryptothamnium Wallr., 1842
- Cryptovalsaria Lar.N.Vassiljeva & S.L.Stephenson, 2007
- Cucurbitopsis Batista & Ciferri, 1957
- Dasysphaeria Spegazzini, 1912
- Delpinoella P.A.Saccardo, 1899
- Diacrochordon Petrak, 1955
- Dichotomella
- Digicatenosporium S.M.Leão, Gusmão & R.F.Castañeda
- Dryosphaera Jørg.Koch & E.B.G.Jones, 1989
- Erythromada Huhndorf, A.N.Miller, F.A.Fernández & Lodge, 2005
- Esfandiariomyces D.Ershad, 1985
- Flammispora U.Pinruan, J.Sakayaroj, K.D.Hyde & E.B.G.Jones, 2004
- Frondisphaeria
- Garethjonesia K.D.Hyde, 1992
- Gibberellulina E.de Sousa da Camara, 1950
- Gyrostromella Seeler, 1940
- Hanliniomyces H.A.Raja & C.A.Shearer, 2008
- Haplotrichella G.Arnaud, 1954
- Heliastrum Petrak, 1931
- Hyaloderma
- Hypotrachynicola Etayo, 2002
- Immersisphaeria Jaklitsch, 2007
- Iraniella Petrak, 1949
- Juncigena Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E.Erikss., 1997
- Kaarikia
- Konenia K.Hara, 1913
- Kravtzevia Shvartsman, 1961
- Kurssanovia Kravtzev, 1955
- Lasiella Quél., 1875
- Lecythium H.Zukal, 1893
- Leptosacca H.Sydow, 1928
- Lyonella H.Sydow, 1925
- Menisporopascus
- Meringosphaeria
- Merugia C.T.Rogerson & G.J.Samuels, 1990
- Microcyclephaeria Batista, 1958
- Mirannulata Huhndorf, F.A.Fernández, A.N.Miller & Lodge, 2003
- Monostachys G.Arnaud, 1954
- Naumovela Kravtzev, 1955
- Neelakesa Udaiyan & V.S.Hosagoudar, 1992
- Neocryptospora Petrak, 1959
- Neolamya Theiss. & Syd.
- Neoskofitzia S.Schulzer von Müggenburg, 1880
- Neoskofitzia Schulzer
- Neothyridaria Petrak, 1934
- Nigromammilla K.D.Hyde & J.Fröhlich, 2003
- Oncopodiella G.Arnaud, 1954
- Ophiomassaria Jaczewski, 1894
- Paoayensis Cabanela, Jeewon & K.D.Hyde, 2007
- Paracapsulospora Konta & K.D.Hyde, 2016
- Paradiplococcium Hern.-Restr., J.Mena & Gené, 2017
- Paramicrodochium
- Pararhexoacrodictys Cantillo & Gusmão
- Pestalozzina (Sacc.) Sacc., 1895
- Phyllocelis H.Sydow, 1925
- Piminella G.Arnaud, 1954
- Plagiascoma Réblová & J.Fourn., 2015
- Platytrachelon M.Réblová, 2013
- Pleosphaeria Speg.
- Pogonospora
- Porodiscus Lloyd
- Proliferophorum G.N.Wang, H.Zhang & Senan., 2019
- Protocucurbitaria
- Psalidosperma
- Pseudoconlarium
- Pseudopatella Speg., 1891
- Pseudostanjehughesia J.Yang & K.D.Hyde, 2017
- Pumilus Viala & Marsais, 1934
- Pycnidiochaeta
- Rehmiomycella E.Müll.
- Rhamphosphaeria Kirschst.
- Rhizophila K.D.Hyde & E.B.G.Jones, 1989
- Rhopographella (Henn.) Sacc. & Trotter
- Rhynchosphaeria (Sacc.) Berl.
- Rimaconus
- Romellina Petrak, 1955
- Saccardoella Speg., 1879
- Sarcopyrenia Nyl.
- Sarcopyreniomyces
- Sartorya Vuill.
- Scharifia Petrak, 1955
- Scotiosphaeria Sivan.
- Selenosporella G.Arnaud ex MacGarvie
- Spermodermia Tode, 1790
- Sphaeromycetella G.Arnaud, 1954
- Sporoctomorpha J.V.Almeida & Sousa da Câmara, 1903
- Stearophora L.Mangin & P.Viala, 1905
- Stegophorella Petrak, 1947
- Stellosetifera
- Stenocladiella Marvanová & Descals
- Stomatogenella Petrak, 1955
- Stromatographium Höhn.
- Sulcospora Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., 1993
- Sungaiicola Fryar & K.D.Hyde, 2004
- Swampomyces Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., 1987
- Tamsiniella
- Thelidiella Fink, 1933
- Thyridella (P.A.Saccardo) P.A.Saccardo, 1895
- Torulopsis Oudem., 1903
- Trichoconium Corda, 1837
- Trichospermella Spegazzini, 1912
- Trichosphaeropsis Bat. & Nascim.
- Urospora Fabre, 1879
- Weinmannodora E.M.Fries, 1849
- Yongnicta A.V.Tobias & N.P.Maslova, 2021
- Ypsilonia J.H.Léveillé, 1846
參考資料
[編輯]- ^ Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM. Outline of Ascomycota – 2007. Myconet (The Field Museum, Department of Botany, Chicago, USA). December 2007, 13: 1–58. (原始內容存檔於2009-03-18).
- ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. Dictionary of the Fungi. 10th ed. Wallingford: CABI. 2008: 644. ISBN 0-85199-826-7.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Dong, W.,Hyde,K. D.,Jeewon,R.,et al. Towards a natural classification of annulatascaceae-like taxa.: introducing five new genera and eighteen new species from freshwater[J]. MYCOSPHERE,2021,12(1):1-88.
- ^ Shi-Liang Liu, Peng Zhao, Lei Cai, Shan Shen, Hao-Wen Wei, Qin Na, et al. 2024. Catalogue of Fungi in China 1. New Taxa of Plant-inhabiting Fungi. Mycology: An International Journal on Fungal Biology. DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2024.2316066
- ^ Xu, Rong-Ju, Zhu, Ying-An,Li,Lu,et al. A new lignicolous hyphomycete species of Neospadicoides in Xenospadicoidaceae (Xenospadicoidales) from Thailand[J]. PHYTOTAXA,2023,619(2):161-172.
- ^ Nattawut Boonyuen, Veera Sri-indrasutdhi, Satinee Suetrong, Somsak Sivichai & E.B. Gareth Jones (2012) Annulatascus aquatorba sp. nov., a lignicolous freshwater ascomycete from Sirindhorn Peat Swamp Forest, Narathiwat, Thailand, Mycologia, 104:3, 746-757, DOI: 10.3852/11-238
- ^ Dong,W.,Hyde,K. D.,Jeewon,R.,et al. Towards a natural classification of annulatascaceae-like taxa.: introducing five new genera and eighteen new species from freshwater[J]. MYCOSPHERE,2021,12(1):1-88.
參考書目
[編輯]- Barr M. E. 1987. Prodromus to Class Loculoascomycetes. Newell, Amherst, Mass.
- Barr M. E. 1990. Prodromus to nonlichenized, pyrenomycetous members of Class Hymenoascomycetes. Mycotaxon 39: 43-184.
- Castlebury, L. A., Rossman, A. Y., Jaklitsch, W. J., Vasilyeva, L. N. 2002. A preliminary overview of the Diaporthales based on large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. Mycologia 94: 1017-1031.
- Lumbsch H. T. 2000. Phylogeny of filamentous ascomycetes. Naturwissenchaften 87: 335-342.
- Luttrell E. S. 1951. Taxonomy of the Pyrenomycetes. University Missouri Stud. Sci. Ser. 24: 1-120.
- Lutzoni F., Kauff F., Cox C. J., McLaughlin D., Celio G., Dentinger B., Padamsee M., Hibbett D., James T. Y., Baloch E., Grube M., Reeb V., Hofstetter V., Schoch C., Arnold A. E., Miadlikowska J., Spatafora J., Johnson D., Hambleton S., Crockett M., Shoemaker R., Sung G.-H., Lücking R., Lumbsch T., O'Donnell K., Binder M., Diederich P., Ertz D., Gueidan C., Hall B., Hansen K., Harris R. C., Hosaka K., Lim Y.-W., Liu Y., Matheny B., Nishida H., Pfister D., Rogers J., Rossman A., Schmitt I., Sipman H., Stone J., Sugiyama J., Yahr R. and Vilgalys R. 2004. Assembling the fungal tree of life: progress, classification, and evolution of subcellular traits. Am. J. Bot. 91: 1446-1480.
- Spatafora J. W. and Blackwell M. 1993. Molecular systematics of unitunicate perithecial ascomycetes: the Clavicipitales-Hypocreales connection. Mycologia 85: 912-922.