强化子RNA可能的作用机制 强化子RNA （Enhancer RNA，简称eRNA ）是真核生物 基因组 中强化子 序列转录 产生的非编码RNA [1] nt 至4000nt之间，此类RNA于2010年由RNA测序 与ChIP-seq 等大规模测序技术测得[2] RNA聚合酶Ⅱ 、中介体 和转录因子 结合以启动基因转录的重要序列，其转录生成的强化子RNA大多留在细胞核 中，此类RNA大多不稳定，易被细胞核中的外切体 降解，但可能可调控其他基因的转录[3] [4] [5] 次级结构 ，并带有m6 A 等碱基修饰[5]
强化子RNA可分为1D eRNA与2D eRNA两大类，两者长度、多腺苷酸化 情况与转录方向皆有差异[6] [5] H3K4me1 H3K4me3 [7] [8]
有研究认为强化子RNA仅是基因转录的中的噪声，即由染色体结构疏松的区域所随机转录产生、不具重要功能的RNA[4] [9] [10] 转录调控 功能，可影响特定基因的表现，其详细机制尚不明朗，但目前已有数个假说被提出[6] 组蛋白修饰酶 或转录因子 等调控蛋白结合，以促进该强化子所控制基因的转录，例如周期蛋白D1 基因强化子转录出的eRNA可结合组蛋白乙酰转移酶 以促进周期蛋白D1的转录[3] p53 调控的各目标基因之强化子p53BER也可转录出eRNA以促进各目标基因转录[11] [12] 癌症 病理状况的生物标记 [5] [13]
参考文献 [ 编辑 ]
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