新兴病毒
新兴病毒（Emergent virus；Emerging virus）泛指新出现且短期内可能快速散播的病毒[1]，为造成新兴传染病的主要原因，可能造成地方或全球的疾病爆发而导致公共卫生危机[2]，并严重影响经济[3]，例如2002年至2004年SARS-CoV造成的SARS事件以及2019年至今SARS-CoV-2造成的2019冠状病毒病疫情[4][5]，此外还有中东呼吸综合症冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）、人类免疫缺乏病毒（HIV）、埃博拉病毒[6]、H5N1流感病毒（造成禽流感）[7]、H1N1流感病毒（造成2009年H1N1新型流感疫情）[8]等。新兴病毒的由来通常是感染其他动物的病毒跨物种感染人类，造成人畜共通传染病，因其以其他动物为自然宿主，通常难以完全根除，而会长期流传于人群中[9]。
新兴病毒与再发病毒（re-emerging viruses）或新发现病毒（newly detected viruses）不同，再发病毒为过去已存在、近期再次爆发的病毒[1][10]，例如麻疹病毒[11]；新发现病毒则为过去已广泛流传，但可能因难以分离、培养而未鉴定识别的病毒[12][13]，例如鼻病毒（最常造成普通感冒的病毒，但迟至1956年才被鉴定发表）[14]、C型肝炎病毒（1989年被鉴定发表）[15]、人类偏肺病毒（2001年被鉴定发表，但可能在十九世纪时即已在人群中流传）[16] 。
参考文献
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- ^ Miquel Porta (编). A Dictionary of Epidemiology. Oxford University Press, USA. 2008: 78 [2021-06-13]. ISBN 978-0-19-971815-3. （原始内容存档于2020-11-15）.
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- ^ Houghton M. The long and winding road leading to the identification of the hepatitis C virus. Journal of Hepatology. 2009, 51 (5): 939–48 [2021-06-13]. PMID 19781804. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2009.08.004 . （原始内容存档于2021-12-17）.
- ^ de Graaf M, Osterhaus AD, Fouchier RA, Holmes EC. Evolutionary dynamics of human and avian metapneumoviruses. The Journal of General Virology. 2008, 89 (Pt 12): 2933–2942. PMID 19008378. doi:10.1099/vir.0.2008/006957-0 .
