革命性的表型

《革命性的表型》（英语：The Revolutionary Phenotype）是加拿大生物学和神经学家葛烈必（英语：Jean-François Gariépy）（法语：Jean-François Gariépy）^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]于2018年出版的书，主要关于生命的来源以及基因编辑技术对于人类的长期影响。^[5]

生命的来源

《革命性的表型》理论构筑于道金斯的两本书《自私的基因》和《延长的表型（英语：The Extended Phenotype）》的DNA复制理论之上。葛烈必按照RNA世界学说提出，DNA和RNA早期组成共生姓的关系。这所谓的“复制探戈”（英语：replicator tango）中的RNA，早晚失去了复制自我基因的功能，使RNA变成DNA的“奴隶”，造成地球最近的“表型性革命”（英语：phenotypic revolution）^[6]。因为现代DNA生物具有多元基因层的关系，葛烈必认为该表型革命之前,可能发生了另外的一或两次表型革命。

基因编辑技术

葛烈必提醒，如果人类开始通过人工智能编辑基因，长期可能造成另外一次表型革命。像DNA代替了RNA一样，人工智能基因编辑也有替代人类自我复制功能的风险。人工智能的控制下，人类的演化就不会按照自私的DNA改变，但是按照自私的人工智能改变。^[7]

批评和反应

Blithering Genius批评，葛烈必使用的比喻不合适说明生物和化学的概念，比如，"表型姓当奴隶"（英语：Phenotypic servitude）忽略基因型的突变和表型的天择都会互相影响人类的演化。Genius另外的批评是表型革命暗示，RNA或DNA是自私的。反而，RNA世界学说是平常演化的流程，没有革命性。^[8]

葛烈必慈善姓NeuroTV的计划因为得了性罪犯杰弗里·爱泼斯坦25千美元的捐献，^[9]因此，葛烈必受到媒体的批评。^[10]葛烈必告诉美国媒体BuzzFeed，2014年为了准备《革命性的表型》，再要求爱泼斯坦的捐献，爱泼斯坦却没有回复葛烈必。^[11]

参考资料

^ Jean-François Gariépy. Duke University. [2020-09-12]. （原始内容存档于2020-01-29）.
^ Jean-Francois Gariépy. Research Gate. [2020-09-12]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-23）.
^ Colleen Flaherty. The Rise of “Quit Lit”. Soon-to-be former academics are taking their grievances public. Slate. [2020-09-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-17）.
^ Jared Holt. White Nationalist YouTuber Says Jeffrey Epstein Once Gave Him $25,000. Right Wing Watch. [2020-09-12]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-23）.
^ Peter Aldhous. Jeffrey Epstein’s Links To Scientists Are Even More Extensive Than We Thought. BuzzFeed. [2020-09-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-19）.
^ Jean-François Gariépy. The Revolutionary Phenotype: The amazing story of how life begins and how it ends. Élora Éditions. 2018: 60. ISBN 978-1-72986-156-1.
^ Jean-François Gariépy. The Revolutionary Phenotype: The amazing story of how life begins and how it ends. Élora Éditions. 2018: 93–106. ISBN 978-1-72986-156-1.
^ Blithering Genius. Debunking "The Revolutionary Phenotype". The Wayward Axolotl. [2020-09-11]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-19）.
^ Jeffrey Epstein. Main Page. Jeffrey Epstein VI Foundation. [2020-09-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-14）.
^ Jared Holt. White Nationalist YouTuber Says Jeffrey Epstein Once Gave Him $25,000. Right Wing Watch. [2020-09-11]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-23）.
^ Peter Aldous. Jeffrey Epstein’s Links To Scientists Are Even More Extensive Than We Thought. BuzzFeed. [2020-09-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-19）.

[1] Jean-François Gariépy. Duke University. [2020-09-12]. （原始内容存档于2020-01-29）.

[2] Jean-Francois Gariépy. Research Gate. [2020-09-12]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-23）.

[3] Colleen Flaherty. The Rise of “Quit Lit”. Soon-to-be former academics are taking their grievances public. Slate. [2020-09-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-17）.

[4] Jared Holt. White Nationalist YouTuber Says Jeffrey Epstein Once Gave Him $25,000. Right Wing Watch. [2020-09-12]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-23）.

[5] Peter Aldhous. Jeffrey Epstein’s Links To Scientists Are Even More Extensive Than We Thought. BuzzFeed. [2020-09-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-19）.

[6] Jean-François Gariépy. The Revolutionary Phenotype: The amazing story of how life begins and how it ends. Élora Éditions. 2018: 60. ISBN 978-1-72986-156-1.

[7] Jean-François Gariépy. The Revolutionary Phenotype: The amazing story of how life begins and how it ends. Élora Éditions. 2018: 93–106. ISBN 978-1-72986-156-1.

[8] Blithering Genius. Debunking "The Revolutionary Phenotype". The Wayward Axolotl. [2020-09-11]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-19）.

[9] Jeffrey Epstein. Main Page. Jeffrey Epstein VI Foundation. [2020-09-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-14）.

[10] Jared Holt. White Nationalist YouTuber Says Jeffrey Epstein Once Gave Him $25,000. Right Wing Watch. [2020-09-11]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-23）.

[11] Peter Aldous. Jeffrey Epstein’s Links To Scientists Are Even More Extensive Than We Thought. BuzzFeed. [2020-09-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-19）.

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