草稿:天军列表
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提示：此草稿的主题不是航天机构列表。本条目是太空军、单位和编队列表，罗列部署太空军事战略国家的组成部分，及当前与历史的前身和标志，无论其是作为独立航天部队、多国司令部、联合司令部或其他军种部门的一部分。
独立军种
[编辑]| 国家 | 现在 |
部门 | 历史 |
年份 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 美国
|
|
美国太空军[1] | 2019年至今 | |
|
1982年至2019年 | |||
|
|
1982年至1985年 | |||
|
1963年至1984年[a] | |||
|
1976年至1980年[b] | |||
|
Fourteenth Aerospace Force (Aerospace Defense Command)[3] |
|
1968–1980[c] | ||
|
1961–1968 | |||
|
1960–1961 [d] | |||
|
1955–1964 [e] | |||
|
Space and Missile Systems Center (Air Force Materiel Command)[3] |
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|
1992–2001[f] | ||
|
Space Systems Division (Air Force Systems Command)[3] |
|
1989–1992 [g] | ||
|
Space Division (Air Force Systems Command)[3] |
|
1979–1989 | ||
|
Space and Missile Systems Organization (Air Force Systems Command)[3] |
|
1967–1979 | ||
|
1961–1967 | |||
|
Air Force Ballistic Missile Organization (Air Research and Development Command)[3] |
|
1957–1961 | ||
|
Western Development Division (Air Research and Development Command)[3] |
|
1954–1957 | ||
|
|
1950–1954 | |||
|
1947–1951[h] | |||
|
1945–1947[i] |
空天合成军种
[编辑]
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联合和多国太空司令部
[编辑]| 国家 | 现在 |
部门 | 历史 |
年份 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 加拿大 美国
|
|
North American Aerospace Defense Command[3] | 1981 | |
|
|
1960–1981[n] | |||
 印度
|
|
Defence Space Agency[17] | 2018 | |
 意大利
|
|
Space Operations Command | 2020 | |
 墨西哥
|
|
Mexican Secretariat of National Defense[18] | 2019 | |
 北大西洋公约组织
|
|
NATO Space Centre (Allied Air Command)[19] | 2020 | |
|
|
2013 | |||
 秘鲁
|
|
National Commission for Aerospace Research and Development (Peruvian Ministry of Defense)[21] | 1974 | |
 韩国
|
|
Agency for Defense Development (Republic of Korea Ministry of National Defense)[22] | 1970 | |
 英国
|
|
United Kingdom Space Command (Royal Air Force)[23] | 2021 | |
|
|
2019–2021 | |||
|
|
2012–2019 | |||
| 美国
|
|
United States Space Command[25] | 2019 | |
|
Joint Force Space Component Command (U.S. Strategic Command)[26] |
|
2017–2019 | ||
|
Joint Functional Component Command for Space (U.S. Strategic Command)[26] |
|
2006–2017 | ||
|
Joint Space Operations (U.S. Strategic Command)[26] |
|
2005–2006 | ||
|
|
2002–2005 | |||
|
1985–2002 | |||
|
|
1975–1986[o] | |||
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|
1960–1975[q] | |||
|
|
1958–1959 |
隶属其他单位和编队
[编辑]
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另见
[编辑]注解
[编辑]- ^ Established as an Air Force major command in 1946. Gained Defense Meteorological Satellite Program in 1963 and Aerospace Defense Command's space forces in 1980. Transferred space forces to Space Command from 1982 to 1984
- ^ Missile warning and space surveillance activities moved into Strategic Air Command in 1980 [来源请求]
- ^ Fourteenth Aerospace Force inactivated in 1976 and space responsibilities centralized directly under Aerospace Defense Command
- ^ Established as an Air Force major command in 1946. Gained space and missile warning responsibility in 1960
- ^ Transferred missile surveillance radars to Air Defense Command in 1964–1966[来源请求]
- ^ Transferred to Air Force Space Command in 2001 [来源请求]
- ^ Launch mission transferred to Air Force Space Command in 1990
- ^ Space and missile program transferred to Air Research and Development Command in 1950
- ^ Space and missile program started in 1945 and space mission claimed in 1946[来源请求]
- ^ Missile interceptors moved into the Aerospace Forces' Air and Missile Defense Forces
- ^ Aerospace Defence Forces merged air defense and the Space Force's missile defense and space assets into one service
- ^ Merged into the Strategic Rocket Forces in 1997
- ^ Rocket and Space Defence Troops moved into the Strategic Rocket Forces, while aviation and air defense forces merged into the Russian Air Force in 1997
- ^ Established as an command in 1958. Gained space and missile warning responsibility in 1960
- ^ Specified combatant command from 1975 to 1986
- ^ Established as an combatant command in 1954. Gained space and missile warning responsibility in 1960
- ^ [p]
- ^ Skynet operations assumed by Airbus Defence and Space
- ^ Subordinated to Army Space and Strategic Defense Command in 1992
- ^ Space and rocket program transferred to NASA becoming the Marshall Space Flight Center
- ^ Ballistic missile program started in 1945
- ^ Defense Satellite Communications System transferred to Army Space Command
- ^ Activated to run the Defense Satellite Communications System
- ^ Communication and weather satellite projects started in 1958
- ^ Subordinated to Fleet Cyber Command/Tenth Fleet
- ^ Subordinated to Naval Space Command in 1983. Renamed the Naval Satellite Operations Center in 1990
- ^ Subordinated to Naval Space Command in 1983. Later transferred to Air Force Space Command's 20th Space Control Squadron in 2004
- ^ Astronautics programs transferred to Naval Electronic Systems Command in 1974
- ^ Astronautics programs transferred to Naval Electronic Systems Command in 1974
- ^ Range operations transferred to Navy Material Command and astronautics programs transferred to Naval Air Systems Command in 1966
- ^ Assumed responsibility for satellite communications in 1961; responsibilities transferred to Naval Air Systems Command in 1964
- ^ Turned over to NASA in 1958 and became the core of Goddard Space Flight Center
- ^ Space science and rocketry program started in 1944
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 About Space Force. www.spaceforce.mil. [Aug 11, 2020].
- ^ Air Force Space Command (USAF). Air Force Historical Research Agency. [Aug 11, 2020].
- ^ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 Spires, David N. Beyond Horizons: A Half Century of Air Force Space Leadership (PDF) Revised. Air Force Space Command in association with Air University Press. 1998. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于July 3, 2021）.
- ^ 310th Space Wing: About Us:Factsheet 19th Space Operations Squadron. 310th Space Wing Public Affairs. May 29, 2013 [May 17, 2018].
- ^ 16th Space Control Squadron. Peterson Air Force Base.
- ^ The United States should follow France's lead in space. SpaceNews. Sep 9, 2019 [Aug 11, 2020].
- ^ Mahlandt, Taylor. France Wants to Use Lasers to Protect Its Satellites. Slate Magazine. Aug 1, 2019 [Aug 11, 2020].
- ^ Iran's satellite launch carries more political weight than military significance. Apr 28, 2020 [Aug 11, 2020].
- ^ Space Forces : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation. eng.mil.ru.
- ^ Bodner, Matthew. Russian Military Merges Air Force and Space Command. The Moscow Times. Aug 3, 2015 [Aug 11, 2020].
- ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Russian and Chinese Responses to U.S. Military Plans in Space | American Academy of Arts and Sciences. www.amacad.org.
- ^ 12.0 12.1 История : Министерство обороны Российской Федерации. structure.mil.ru.
- ^ Russian military space program (PDF). [2022-03-09].
- ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 History : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation. eng.mil.ru.
- ^ 15.0 15.1 The Space Review: Self-defense in space: protecting Russian spacecraft from ASAT attacks. www.thespacereview.com.
- ^ История : Министерство обороны Российской Федерации. structure.mil.ru.
- ^ Raghuvanshi, Vivek. India to launch a defense-based space research agency. Defense News. Jun 12, 2019 [Aug 11, 2020].
- ^ Rocket Lab's secret payload owned by Mexican defence agency. Stuff. July 21, 2019.
- ^ NATO agrees new Space Centre at Allied Air Command. ac.nato.int.
- ^ Who we are. ac.nato.int. [Aug 11, 2020].
- ^ U.S. Space Command signs space data sharing agreement with Peru. SpaceNews. May 20, 2020.
- ^ Jeong, Jeff. South Korea changes spy satellite developer for $930M project. Defense News. April 30, 2018.
- ^ UK Space Command. GOV.UK.
- ^ 24.0 24.1 Bowen, Bleddyn E. The Integrated Review and UK Spacepower: The Search for Strategy (PDF). Freeman Air and Space Institute, School of Security Studies, King’s College London. July 2019.
- ^ United States Space Command Fact Sheet. United States Space Command. [Aug 11, 2020].
- ^ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 Re-establishing U.S. Space Command. purview.dodlive.mil. [Aug 11, 2020].
- ^ Archived copy (PDF). [2021-03-13]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-03-04）.
- ^ Abbott, Jaimie. First Space Operations Unit (PDF). Air Force. Vol. 57 no. 9 (Royal Australian Air Force). May 21, 2015: 12–13.
- ^ Brazilian Satellite Launched to Ensure Military Communications and End Digital Apartheid. www.defense-aerospace.com.
- ^ 3 Canadian Space Division - Royal Canadian Air Force. 22 July 2022.
- ^ Welcome - Defense One. cdn.defenseone.com. [Aug 11, 2020].
- ^ Stokes, Mark A.; Cheng, Dean. China's evolving space capabilities: implications for U.S. interests. April 26, 2012.
- ^ German Bundeswehr sets up space command center | DW | 13.07.2021. Deutsche Welle.
- ^ German military launches space junk tracking system | DW | 21.09.2020. DW.COM.
- ^ Shalal, Andrea. Germany expands a centre for space junk to deal with new threats. Reuters. August 17, 2016 –通过www.reuters.com.
- ^ Israel Exploits Space Technologies, Capabilities. SIGNAL Magazine. February 24, 2011.
- ^ Johnston, Eric. Japan's new space squadron takes a giant leap forward. The Japan Times. June 2, 2020.
- ^ Luxembourg eyes Earth-observation satellite for military and government. SpaceNews. November 7, 2017.
- ^ The Netherlands ready to launch first military nanosatellite. ac.nato.int.
- ^ Limited, Bangkok Post Public Company. Air force satellite Napa-1 launched –通过www.bangkokpost.com.
- ^ Ambitious Turkey Seeking To Sync National Air and Space Firepower. SpaceNews. July 1, 2013.
- ^ Chuter, Andrew. Former fighter pilot picked to lead British military's space command. Defense News. Jan 15, 2020 [Aug 11, 2020].
- ^ Kiralfy, R.J.C. Current issues for RAF Oakhanger and Number 1001 Signals Unit. IEE Colloquium on Military Satellite Communications II 1997. 1997: 5/1–5/6. doi:10.1049/ic:19971068.
- ^ StackPath. www.rafmuseum.org.uk.
- ^ History. www.smdc.army.mil. [Aug 11, 2020].
- ^ In October 1997, the U (PDF). [2022-03-09].
- ^ 47.0 47.1 47.2 In October 1997, the U (PDF). [2022-03-09].
- ^ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 In October 1997, the U (PDF). [2022-03-09].
- ^ 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 49.4 49.5 49.6 In October 1997, the U (PDF). [2022-03-09].
- ^ 50.0 50.1 50.2 In October 1997, the U (PDF). [2022-03-09].
- ^ 51.0 51.1 Athey, Philip. Marine Corps Forces Space Command is here. Marine Corps Times. November 18, 2020.
- ^ US Fleet Cyber Command, US Navy Space Command welcome new VADM. United States Space Command.
- ^ U.S. Fleet Cyber Command / Commander, U.S. 10th Fleet. www.fcc.navy.mil.
- ^ 55.00 55.01 55.02 55.03 55.04 55.05 55.06 55.07 55.08 55.09 55.10 From the Sea to the Stars. public2.nhhcaws.local.
- ^ First Air Force designated as air component to US Space Command. U.S. Air Force.
- ^ Coast Guard, DHS S&T Venture into Space with Polar Scout Launch. United States Coast Guard.