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使徒统绪

维基百科，自由的百科全书
一位或多位主教按手祝圣新主教
耶稣

使徒统绪（Apostolic succession），天主教中文译作宗徒传承，是指基督教教会的圣职是从耶稣的十二使徒传承开始代代相传，通常与声称是一系列的主教有关[1]这一系列的主教，起初被视为由一个或多个使徒建立的教座的主教，但现在被理解为一系列的主教（不论来自那个教座）受其他主教祝圣，而施行祝圣的主教也是以同样的方式受祝圣，一直追溯至使徒[2][3]。

使徒统绪也可以理解成从使徒至今的教义连续性[4]。例如，英国循道宗会议将“真实连续”定为“基督经历的连续，同一灵所赐的团契，属于一主的连续，讯息的持续宣告，使命的持续领受……[5]”。

一些人视按手礼为使徒统绪的重要部分，因新约圣经提及个人的使徒传承（例如从保罗到提摩太和提多）。他们也认为早期教会书信，特别是圣纪文书信[6]。纪文特别提到，使徒委派主教为继承人，并指示主教也应照样委派继承人，因此，这样的教会领袖不能无故罢免。此外，提倡主教拥有个人使徒传承的人指出，早教统一的教会（公元431年及之前）普遍奉行这规定。

加尔文主义背景的归正宗与长老宗、少部分的圣公宗与信义宗等新教派别否定使徒统绪的必要[1][7]，并质疑这些历史声称的真实性。

使徒座

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使徒座（英语：Apostolic see）是指宣称自身是由一个或多个使徒所建立起来，维系和传承该使徒权威、教义和宗教实践传统的重要主教座。列表如下：

五大宗主教区

其他教区

耶稣基督后期圣徒教会

参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 F.L. Cross, E.A. Livingstone (editors), The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (Oxford University Press 2005 ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3), article "apostolic succession"
  2. ^ Justo L. González, ''Essential Theological Terms'' (Westminster John Knox Press 2005 ISBN 978-0-664-22810-1), p. 15. Google.com. [2013-07-18]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-27）. 
  3. ^ Walter A. Elwell, ''Evangelical Dictionary of Theology'' (Baker Academic 2001 ISBN 978-0-8010-2075-9), p. 89. Google.com. [2013-07-18]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-29）. 
  4. ^ Donald S. Armentrout, Robert Boak Slocum An Episcopal Dictionary of the Church (Church Publishing 1999 ISBN 9780898692112), p. 25 or
  5. ^ Jay, Eric G. The Church. John Knox press: 1980, p.229
  6. ^ Adam, Karl. The Spirit of Catholicism Doubleday & C°, Inc: 1957 p. 20
  7. ^ "Apostolic Succession" in ''The Columbia Encyclopedia'', Sixth Edition (Columbia University Press 2004). Questia.com. [2013-07-18]. （原始内容存档于2011-06-04）. 
  8. ^ St. Irenaeus. Adversus Haereses. 1907. Because it would be too long in such a volume as this to enumerate the successions of all the churches, we point to the tradition of that very great and very ancient and universally known Church, which was founded and established at Rome, by the two most glorious Apostles, Peter and Paul: we point I say, to the tradition which this Church has from the Apostles, and to her faith proclaimed to men which comes down to our time through the succession of her bishops, and so we put to shame . . . all who assemble in unauthorized meetings. For with this Church, because of its superior authority, every Church must agree — that is the faithful everywhere — in communion with which Church the tradition of the Apostles has been always preserved by those who are everywhere 
  9. ^ St. Mark The Apostle, Evangelist. [2017-10-28]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. 
  10. ^ The Patriarchate of Antioch: Founded by Saints Peter and Paul. [2017-10-28]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-23）. Ignatius was the second successor to Peter and may actually have been consecrated by that Apostle or Saint Paul. 
  11. ^ 305 Chapter XIX.—The Episcopal Chair of James. [2017-10-28]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-12）. 
  12. ^ Cyprian Orthodox Church Official Website. Churchofcyprus.org.cy. [26 July 2011]. （原始内容存档于2011-07-23）. 
  13. ^ We are the One Holy Universal Apostolic Orthodox Armenian Church. [2017-10-28]. （原始内容存档于2011-07-05）. 
  14. ^ Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church. malankaraorthodoxchurch.in. [18 August 2011]. （原始内容存档于2011-07-21）. 
  15. ^ THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ETHIOPIAN CHURCH. [2017-10-28]. （原始内容存档于2011-06-11）. 
  16. ^ The First Presidency of the Early Church: Their Lives and Epistles. [2017-10-28]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-24）. 

参见

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