情绪自我调节

情绪自我调节（英语：Emotional self-regulation）或情绪调节（英语：emotion regulation）是一种能力，以一种社会可容忍和足够灵活的方式根据需要对一系列情绪做出调整，以控制自身的自发反应。^[1] 它也可以定义为负责监控、评估和修改情绪反应的过程。^[2] 情绪自我调节属于更广泛的情绪调节过程，既包括对自己情绪的调节，也包括对他人情绪的调节。^[3]^[4]^[5]

情绪调节是一个复杂的过程，涉及在给定情况下启动、抑制或调节一个人的状态或行为—例如，主观体验（感觉）、认知反应（思想）、与情绪相关的生理反应（例如心率或激素活动）和情绪相关行为（身体动作或表情）。从功能上讲，情绪调节也可以指诸如将注意力集中在任务上的倾向，以及在指导下抑制不当行为的能力等过程。情绪调节是人类生活中非常重要的功能。

每天，人们都不断地暴露在各种各样的潜在刺激之下。对此类刺激的不当、极端或未经控制的情绪反应可能会阻碍社会功能的适应；因此，人们几乎无时无刻都必须进行某种形式的情绪调节。^[6] 一般来说，情绪失调（英语：Emotional dysregulation）被定义为难以控制情绪唤醒（英语：Arousal）对思想、行动和互动的组织和品质的影响。^[7] 情绪失调的个体表现出反应模式，其中他们的目标、反应和/或表达方式与社会环境的需求不匹配。^[8] 例如，情绪失调与抑郁、焦虑、进食障碍和药物滥用的症状之间存在显著关联。^[9]^[10] 更高水准的情绪调节，可能与高水准的社交能力和社交适当情绪的表达有关。^[11]^[12]

参考资料[编辑]

^ Cole, Pamela M.; Michel, Margaret K.; Teti, Laureen O'Donnell. The Development of Emotion Regulation and Dysregulation: A Clinical Perspective. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development. 1994, 59 (2/3): 73–100. JSTOR 1166139. PMID 7984169. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.1994.tb01278.x.
^ Thompson, Ross A. Emotion Regulation: A Theme in Search of Definition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development. 1994, 59 (2–3): 25–52. PMID 7984164. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.1994.tb01276.x.
^ Niven, K.; Totterdell, P.; Holman, D. A classification of controlled interpersonal affect regulation strategies. Emotion. 2009, 9 (4): 498–509 [2021-12-26]. PMID 19653772. doi:10.1037/a0015962. （原始内容存档于2022-03-11）.
^ Burman, J. T.; Green, C. D.; Shanker, S. On the Meanings of Self-Regulation: Digital Humanities in Service of Conceptual Clarity. Child Development. 2015, 86 (5): 1507–1521. PMID 26234744. doi:10.1111/cdev.12395.
^ Leventhal, Howard; Leventhal, Elaine A.; Contrada, Richard J. Self-regulation, health, and behavior: A perceptual-cognitive approach. Psychology & Health. 1998, 13 (4): 717–733. doi:10.1080/08870449808407425.
^ Koole, Sander L. The psychology of emotion regulation: An integrative review (PDF). Cognition & Emotion. 2009, 23 (1): 4–41 [2021-12-26]. S2CID 145107160. doi:10.1080/02699930802619031. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2022-06-19）.
^ What Is Emotional Dysregulation?. WebMD. [2021-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-29）（英语）.
^ Zeman, J.; Cassano, M.; Perry-Parrish, C.; Stegall, S. Emotion regulation in children and adolescents. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. 2006, 27 (2): 155–168. PMID 16682883. S2CID 8662305. doi:10.1097/00004703-200604000-00014.
^ Aldao, Amelia; Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan; Schweizer, Susanne. Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review. 2010, 30 (2): 217–237. PMID 20015584. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004.
^ Aldao, A.; Nolen-Hoeksema, S. Specificity of cognitive emotion regulation strategies: a transdiagnostic examination. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2010, 48 (10): 974–983. PMID 20591413. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.06.002.
^ Fabes, R. A.; Eisenberg, N.; Jones, S.; Smith, M.; Guthrie, I.; Poulin, R.; Shepard, S.; Friedman, J. Regulation, emotionality, and pre-schoolers' socially competent peer interactions. Child Development. 1999, 70 (2): 432–442. PMID 10218264. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00031.
^ Pulkkinen, L. (1982). Self-control and continuity from childhood to late adolescence. In P. B. Bakes & O. Brim Jr. (Eds.), Life-span development and behavior (Vol. 4, pp. 63-105). New York: Academic Press.

[1] Cole, Pamela M.; Michel, Margaret K.; Teti, Laureen O'Donnell. The Development of Emotion Regulation and Dysregulation: A Clinical Perspective. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development. 1994, 59 (2/3): 73–100. JSTOR 1166139. PMID 7984169. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.1994.tb01278.x.

[Thompson,_1994-2] Thompson, Ross A. Emotion Regulation: A Theme in Search of Definition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development. 1994, 59 (2–3): 25–52. PMID 7984164. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.1994.tb01276.x.

[3] Niven, K.; Totterdell, P.; Holman, D. A classification of controlled interpersonal affect regulation strategies. Emotion. 2009, 9 (4): 498–509 [2021-12-26]. PMID 19653772. doi:10.1037/a0015962. （原始内容存档于2022-03-11）.

[4] Burman, J. T.; Green, C. D.; Shanker, S. On the Meanings of Self-Regulation: Digital Humanities in Service of Conceptual Clarity. Child Development. 2015, 86 (5): 1507–1521. PMID 26234744. doi:10.1111/cdev.12395.

[5] Leventhal, Howard; Leventhal, Elaine A.; Contrada, Richard J. Self-regulation, health, and behavior: A perceptual-cognitive approach. Psychology & Health. 1998, 13 (4): 717–733. doi:10.1080/08870449808407425.

[6] Koole, Sander L. The psychology of emotion regulation: An integrative review (PDF). Cognition & Emotion. 2009, 23 (1): 4–41 [2021-12-26]. S2CID 145107160. doi:10.1080/02699930802619031. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2022-06-19）.

[7] What Is Emotional Dysregulation?. WebMD. [2021-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-29）（英语）.

[ReferenceA-8] Zeman, J.; Cassano, M.; Perry-Parrish, C.; Stegall, S. Emotion regulation in children and adolescents. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. 2006, 27 (2): 155–168. PMID 16682883. S2CID 8662305. doi:10.1097/00004703-200604000-00014.

[:6-9] Aldao, Amelia; Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan; Schweizer, Susanne. Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review. 2010, 30 (2): 217–237. PMID 20015584. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004.

[10] Aldao, A.; Nolen-Hoeksema, S. Specificity of cognitive emotion regulation strategies: a transdiagnostic examination. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2010, 48 (10): 974–983. PMID 20591413. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.06.002.

[11] Fabes, R. A.; Eisenberg, N.; Jones, S.; Smith, M.; Guthrie, I.; Poulin, R.; Shepard, S.; Friedman, J. Regulation, emotionality, and pre-schoolers' socially competent peer interactions. Child Development. 1999, 70 (2): 432–442. PMID 10218264. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00031.

[12] Pulkkinen, L. (1982). Self-control and continuity from childhood to late adolescence. In P. B. Bakes & O. Brim Jr. (Eds.), Life-span development and behavior (Vol. 4, pp. 63-105). New York: Academic Press.

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