抓挠癖
抓挠癖，严重者称抠皮症（拉丁语: dermatillomania，英语: Excoriation disorder）指一种喜欢剥除皮肤凸起部分的癖好。严重者属于强迫-冲动谱系的心理健康障碍。患者表现出无法抗拒的冲动，反复抠挖自己的皮肤，甚至伤口未愈合时强行除痂，即使这种行为会导致皮肤受损、感染、留下永久疤痕乃至自残。这种行为通常在个体感到高压、焦虑或无聊时加剧，而在进行皮肤抠挖后，患者可能会感到暂时的心理释放或满足感[1][2]。患者中女性比男性更多[2][3]。
治疗
[编辑]心理治疗
[编辑]认知行为疗法（CBT）是治疗抠皮症的主要心理治疗方式，尤其是专门针对此类行为的习惯逆转训练（HRT）和接纳与承诺治疗（ACT）[4]。
药物治疗
[编辑]SSRI、阿片类拮抗剂、抗癫痫药和谷氨酸药物可能有助于减少抠皮行为[2]。
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ Feusner JD, Hembacher E, Phillips KA. The mouse who couldn't stop washing: pathologic grooming in animals and humans. CNS Spectrums. September 2009, 14 (9): 503–513. PMC 2853748
. PMID 19890232. doi:10.1017/s1092852900023567.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Odlaug BL, Grant JE. Pathologic skin picking. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. September 2010, 36 (5): 296–303. PMID 20575652. S2CID 20569026. doi:10.3109/00952991003747543.
- ^ * Dell'Osso B, Altamura AC, Allen A, Marazziti D, Hollander E. Epidemiologic and clinical updates on impulse control disorders: a critical review. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. December 2006, 256 (8): 464–475. PMC 1705499 . PMID 16960655. doi:10.1007/s00406-006-0668-0.
- ^ Ruiz FJ. A review of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) empirical evidence: Correlational, experimental psychopathology, component and outcome studies. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy. 2010, 10 (1): 125–62.
