牙齿发育

牙齿发育或称牙生成（英语：odontogenesis），是胚胎细胞发育、生长成为牙齿，最后长于口腔内的复杂过程。虽然许多物种都有牙齿构造，但牠们的牙齿发育普遍和人类相同。人类牙齿必须经过良好的胚胎发育阶段，才能发展出健康的口腔环境、牙釉质、牙本质、牙骨质（英语：cementum）及牙周组织。乳齿在六至八周之间开始形成，恒齿则是第二十周时开始生长、逐渐取代乳齿^[1]，错过这段时间牙齿便不会发育。

注释

^ Ten Cate, A. R. Oral histology: development, structure, and function. St. Louis: Mosby. 1998: 81–102. ISBN 0-8151-2952-1.

参考资料

Abbott, Dave. "Sharks" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. 2000. [2006-01-07]
The American Academy of Periodontology. "Oral Health Information for the Public". [2005-12-12]
The American Dental Association. "Tooth Eruption Charts". [2005-12-12]
The American Dental Hygiene Association （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. "Nutritional Factors in Tooth Development" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. [2005-12-10]
The American Dental Hygiene Association （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. "Table II. Effects of nutrient deficiencies on tooth development" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. [2005-12-10]
Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. 8th edition. 2003. ISBN 0-7216-9382-2.
Buchheim, Jason. "A Quick Course in Ichthyology" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. [2006-01-07]
Cate, A.R. Ten. Oral Histology: development, structure, and function. 5th ed. 1998. ISBN 0-8151-2952-1.
Caceci, Thomas. Veterinary Histology with subtitle "Digestive System: Oral Cavity". [2005-12-15]
Frandson, R.D. & T.L. Spurgeon, 1992. Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals. 5th edition. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger. ISBN 0-8121-1435-3.
Harris, Edward F. Craniofacial Growth and Development. In the section entitled "Tooth Eruption." 2002.
Health Hawaii. "Primary Teeth: Importance and Care". Retrieved [2005-12-12]
Johnson, Clarke. "Biology of the Human Dentition". 1998.
Kahn, Michael A. Basic Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. Volume 1. 2001.
Monthly Microscopy Explorations "Exploration of the Month: January 1998".
Neville, B.W., Douglas Damm, Carl Allen, Jerry Bouquot. Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology. 2nd edition. 2002. ISBN 0-7216-9003-3.
Riolo, Michael L. and James K. Avery. Essentials for Orthodontic Practice. 1st edition. 2003. ISBN 0-9720546-0-X.
Ross, Michael H., Gordon I. Kaye, and Wojciech Pawlina. Histology: a text and atlas. 4th edition. 2003. ISBN 0-683-30242-6.
Summitt, James B., J. William Robbins, and Richard S. Schwartz. Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry: A Contemporary Approach. 2nd edition. Carol Stream, Illinois, Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc. 2001. ISBN 0-86715-382-2.
University of Southern California School of Dentistry （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. "The Bell Stage: Image 26" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. [2005-12-11]
University of Southern California School of Dentistry （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. "The Bell Stage: Image 30" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. [2005-12-11]
University of Texas Medical Branch. "Lab Exercises: Tooth development." Page found here.
Williams, Michael E. "Jaws: The early years" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. 1992. [2006-01-07]
WebMd （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. "Dental Health: Your Child's Teeth" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. [2005-12-12]
The international Journal of Developmental Biology. Odontogenesis Vol.39, N° 1 (1995) [1]

外部链接

[OH1-1] Ten Cate, A. R. Oral histology: development, structure, and function. St. Louis: Mosby. 1998: 81–102. ISBN 0-8151-2952-1.

[1]