艾谢·哈芙莎苏丹

艾谢·哈芙莎苏丹
عائشہ حفصہ سلطان
艾谢·哈芙莎苏丹; عائشہ حفصہ سلطان
	位于马尼萨的艾谢·哈芙莎苏丹雕像
奥斯曼帝国苏丹皇太后
在位	1520年9月30日 - 1534年3月19日
前任	居尔巴哈尔可敦（英语：Gülbahar Hatun (wife of Mehmed II)）
继任	努尔巴努苏丹
逝世	1534年3月19日; 奥斯曼帝国伊斯坦布尔
安葬	伊斯坦布尔法蒂赫塞利姆一世清真寺
配偶	塞利姆一世
子嗣	苏莱曼一世; 哈蒂洁苏丹（英语：Hatice Sultan (daughter of Selim I)）; 法蒂玛苏丹（英语：Fatma Sultan (daughter of Selim I)）; 哈芙莎苏丹
父亲	有争议，明里·格来或阿布杜勒·穆宁
宗教信仰	伊斯兰教

艾谢·哈芙莎苏丹^[3]（奥斯曼土耳其文：عائشہ حفصہ سلطان‎、土耳其语：Ayşe Hafsa Sultan；1479年5月12日—1534年3月19日），奥斯曼帝国苏丹塞利姆一世的妻子，苏莱曼一世的母亲，她是帝国第一位苏丹皇太后，由她儿子在1520年登基至1534年她去世期间，她是在帝国最有影响力的人之一^[4]。

生平

传统观点一般相信艾谢·哈芙莎苏丹是克里米亚汗国可汗明里·格来的女儿^[5]，然而现今亦有学者提出不同看法，依据奥斯曼的证据显示她应当是一名改信伊斯兰教的女人^[6]，另有说法认为她可能是一名来自高加索地区的切尔克斯人或乔治亚人^[7] 。

1494年11月6日她与塞利姆所生的儿子苏莱曼出生于黑海海滨的特拉布宗，除此之外她还为塞利姆生下三个女儿：分别为哈蒂洁苏丹、法特玛苏丹与哈芙莎苏丹。

塞利姆一世登基后，她与儿子苏莱曼移居到土耳其西部的马尼萨，苏莱曼在1513年至1520年期间负责担任马尼萨的总督，该职位向来由奥斯曼王储所担任。

从艾谢·哈芙莎苏丹开始，奥斯曼帝国苏丹母亲的头衔从可敦变成了苏丹皇太后^[8]，头衔的转变显示艾谢·哈芙莎苏丹影响力与权力的扩张，在她儿子统治的期间，她是奥斯曼帝国最强大的女人^[9]。

1534年3月19日艾谢·哈芙莎苏丹去世，安葬于她丈夫位于塞利姆一世清真寺的陵寝旁。

参考资料

^ Peirce, Leslie P. The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. 1993: 121. ISBN 0-19-508677-5.
^ Sakaoğlu, Necdet（土耳其语：Necdet Sakaoğlu）. Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak Yayıncılık. 2008: 148 [2018-05-31]. ISBN 978-9-753-29623-6. （原始内容存档于2016-08-27）. (Her name is given as "Hafsa bint-i Abdü'l-Muin" in Kitâbeler by İ. H. Uzunçarşılı（土耳其语：İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı）. This shows that she was of non-Turkish origin, and later converted to Islam.)
^ Though generally known as "Hafsa Sultan", she is sometimes incidentally referred to as "Ayşe Hafsa Sultan" by some authors, without indication of the origin of this name. Name "Hafsa" referred to Muhammad's wive Hafsa (حفصة) daughter of Umar ibn Al Kattab.
^ Pietro Bragadin, Venetian Republic's ambassador in the early years of Suleiman the Magnificent's reign notes "a very beautiful woman of 48, for whom the sultan bears great reverence and love..." Leslie Peirce. The Imperial Harem : Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire p. 62 ISBN 0-19-508677-5. Oxford University Press. 1993.
^ Strobel, Heidi. Sulayman the Magnificent - Oxford Reference. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press. [2017-05-30]. ISBN 978-0-19-530513-5. （原始内容存档于2019-11-30）.
^
Alan Fisher. The Life and Family of Süleymân I. İnalcık, Halil; Cemal Kafadar (编). Süleymân The Second [i.e. the First] and His Time. Istanbul: Isis Press. 1993: 9. ISBN 975-428-052-5.
- Emecen, Feridun. İslâm Ansiklopedisi 38. İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi: 62–74. 2010. Information indicating that she was the daughter of the Crimean Khan or was related to the family of Dulkadıroğlu is incorrect. |chapter=被忽略 (帮助)
^ Hafsa (d. 1534). Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. 2002-01-01 [2017-05-30]. （原始内容存档于2017-08-30）.
^ Peirce, Leslie P. The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. 1993. ISBN 0-19-508677-5.
^ Amy Singer. Constructing Ottoman beneficence: An imperial soup kitchen in Jerusalem p. 90 ISBN 0-7914-5351-0. State University of New York Press. 2002.

外部链接

https://web.archive.org/web/20060502150736/http://www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey4.htm

前任：居尔芭哈尔可敦（英语：Gülbahar Hatun (wife of Mehmed II)）	苏丹皇太后 1520年9月30日 - 1534年3月19日	继任：努尔巴努苏丹

[1] Peirce, Leslie P. The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. 1993: 121. ISBN 0-19-508677-5.

[Hafsa_bint-i_Abdü'l-Muin-2] Sakaoğlu, Necdet（土耳其语：Necdet Sakaoğlu）. Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak Yayıncılık. 2008: 148 [2018-05-31]. ISBN 978-9-753-29623-6. （原始内容存档于2016-08-27）. (Her name is given as "Hafsa bint-i Abdü'l-Muin" in Kitâbeler by İ. H. Uzunçarşılı（土耳其语：İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı）. This shows that she was of non-Turkish origin, and later converted to Islam.)

[3] Though generally known as "Hafsa Sultan", she is sometimes incidentally referred to as "Ayşe Hafsa Sultan" by some authors, without indication of the origin of this name. Name "Hafsa" referred to Muhammad's wive Hafsa (حفصة) daughter of Umar ibn Al Kattab.

[4] Pietro Bragadin, Venetian Republic's ambassador in the early years of Suleiman the Magnificent's reign notes "a very beautiful woman of 48, for whom the sultan bears great reverence and love..." Leslie Peirce. The Imperial Harem : Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire p. 62 ISBN 0-19-508677-5. Oxford University Press. 1993.

[5] Strobel, Heidi. Sulayman the Magnificent - Oxford Reference. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press. [2017-05-30]. ISBN 978-0-19-530513-5. （原始内容存档于2019-11-30）.

[6] Alan Fisher. The Life and Family of Süleymân I. İnalcık, Halil; Cemal Kafadar (编). Süleymân The Second [i.e. the First] and His Time. Istanbul: Isis Press. 1993: 9. ISBN 975-428-052-5.
Emecen, Feridun. İslâm Ansiklopedisi 38. İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi: 62–74. 2010. Information indicating that she was the daughter of the Crimean Khan or was related to the family of Dulkadıroğlu is incorrect. |chapter=被忽略 (帮助)

[7] Emecen, Feridun. İslâm Ansiklopedisi 38. İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi: 62–74. 2010. Information indicating that she was the daughter of the Crimean Khan or was related to the family of Dulkadıroğlu is incorrect. |chapter=被忽略 (帮助)

[7] Hafsa (d. 1534). Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. 2002-01-01 [2017-05-30]. （原始内容存档于2017-08-30）.

[8] Peirce, Leslie P. The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. 1993. ISBN 0-19-508677-5.

[9] Amy Singer. Constructing Ottoman beneficence: An imperial soup kitchen in Jerusalem p. 90 ISBN 0-7914-5351-0. State University of New York Press. 2002.

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