大豬籠草

大豬籠草
	產自蘇拉威西的大豬籠草上位籠，海拔約400米
保護狀況
	; 無危（IUCN 2.3）
科學分類
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真雙子葉植物 Eudicots
目：	石竹目 Caryophyllales
科：	豬籠草科 Nepenthaceae
屬：	豬籠草屬 Nepenthes
種：	大豬籠草 N. maxima
二名法
	Nepenthes maxima; Reinw. ex Nees (1824)
異名
	同物異名 Nepenthes boschiana; auct. non Korth.: Becc. (1878); Nepenthes celebica; Hook.f. (1873); Nepenthes curtisii; Mast. (1887); Nepenthes curtisii var. superba; Hort.Veitch ex Marshall (1889); Nepenthes dayana; A.Truffaut ex M.J.Sallier (1894) nom.superfl.; N. maxima × N. albomarginata; Hort.Bednar (1987); Nepenthes oblanceolata; Ridl. (1916); Nepenthes spectabilis; auct. non Danser: Hort. ex Hort.Bednar (1987); 異物同名 Nepenthes maxima; auct. non Reinw. ex Nees: Becc. (1886); [=N. boschiana/N. maxima/; N. stenophylla/N. sumatrana]; Nepenthes maxima; auct. non Reinw. ex Nees: Cheers (1992); [=N. northiana × N. maxima]; 前林奈名 "Cantharifera alba"; Rumph. (1750);

大豬籠草^[3]（學名：Nepenthes maxima）是一種廣布於蘇拉威西^[3]、新幾內亞^[3]和摩鹿加群島^[4]的熱帶食蟲植物。其也可能存在於沃沃尼島。^[5]

大豬籠草被歸入「大豬籠草系」中，其中還包括包希豬籠草（N. boschiana）、陳氏豬籠草（N. chaniana）、附生豬籠草（N. epiphytica）、艾瑪豬籠草、法薩豬籠草（N. faizaliana）、暗色豬籠草（N. fusca）、扎克里豬籠草（N. zakriana ）、N. dactylifera 、克羅斯豬籠草（N. klossii）、寬唇豬籠草（N. platychila）、窄葉豬籠草（N. stenophylla）、柔毛豬籠草(N. mollis) 和佛氏豬籠草（N. vogelii）。^[6]

常見於蘇拉威西的某些變型常具有明顯波浪狀的葉片。^[4]^[7]個別極端個體的葉片翼即使下延至下部整個節間，但其仍可能呈高度波浪狀。^[8]這種波浪狀的葉片是由於葉緣細胞生長造成的，由於其葉片質薄，從而導致其葉片呈波浪狀以降低其應力勢能。^[9]

雖然柯蒂斯豬籠草（N. curtisii）為該物種的異名，但其也被用於指代其他許多栽培種。

形態特徵

大豬籠草捕蟲籠的形態特徵多變。捕蟲籠可為純綠色或帶斑點，少數斑點眾多，幾乎為黑色。不同變型的唇也存在差異，產自新幾內亞的變型其唇較寬。^[3]

產於蘇拉威西的大豬籠草上位籠，其生長的海拔高度從左至右一至三為400米、四至五為700米

產於新幾內亞的大豬籠草上位籠，其生長的海拔高度從左至右分別為1500米、1600米、1700米、2300米和2600米

種下類群

Nepenthes maxima f. undulata Sh.Kurata (1985)
Nepenthes maxima var. glabrata Becc. in sched. nom.nud.
Nepenthes maxima var. lowii (Hook.f.) Becc. (1886) [=N. stenophylla]
Nepenthes maxima var. minor Macf. (1917)
Nepenthes maxima var. sumatrana (Miq.) Becc. (1886) [=N. sumatrana]
Nepenthes maxima var. superba (Hort.Veitch ex Marshall) Veitch (1897)

2009年，一種產自婆娑湖的栽培品種被命名為婆娑湖大豬籠草（Nepenthes maxima『Lake Poso』）^[10]，也就是當前園藝市場上廣為流通的「迷你大豬籠草」。

自然雜交種

? N. eymae × N. maxima^[4]
N. glabrata × N. maxima^[4]
N. klossii × N. maxima^[10]
N. maxima × N. neoguineensis^[4]
N. maxima × N. tentaculata^[11]

無毛豬籠草與大豬籠草的疑似自然雜交種
克羅斯豬籠草與大豬籠草的自然雜交種
大豬籠草與新幾內亞豬籠草的自然雜交種

參考文獻

^ （拉丁文） Hooker, J.D. 1873. Ordo CLXXV bis. Nepenthaceæ. In: A. de Candolle Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 17: 90–105.
^ Masters, M.T. 1887. New or noteworthy plants. Nepenthes Curtisii, Mast., sp. nov.. The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 2(49): 681, 689.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 夏洛特. 食蟲植物觀賞&栽培圖鑑. 台北: 商周出版. 2007: 60. ISBN 978-986-124-850-9.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
^ （印尼文） Sunarti, S., A. Hidayat & Rugayah 2008. Keanekaragaman tumbuhan di hutan Pegunungan Waworete, Kecamatan Wawonii Timur, Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） [Plants diversity at the mountain forest of Waworete, East Wawonii District, Wawonii Island, Southeast Sulawesi.] Biodiversitas 9(3): 194–198.
^ Robinson, A.S., J. Nerz & A. Wistuba 2011. Nepenthes epiphytica, a new pitcher plant from East Kalimantan. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 36–51.
^ [Anonymous] 2013. BE-3543 Nepenthes maxima - wavy leaf.PDF Nepenthes Growers Newsletter 2(2): 7–8.
^ Bourke, G. 2010. Plant profile: Nepenthes maxima.PDF Captive Exotics Newsletter 1(1): 9–10.
^ Sharon, E., M. Marder & H.L. Swinney 2004. Leaves, flowers and garbage bags: making waves. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） American Scientist 92(3): 254–261.
^ ^10.0 ^10.1 Evans, D.P. 2009. New Cultivars: Nepenthes maxima 『Lake Poso』（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 38(1): 18–22.
^ McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sulawesi. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.

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（印尼文） Darma, I.D.P., I.P. Suendra & H.-M. Siregar 2004. BP-17: Keanekaragaman Nepenthes di Taman Wisata Alam Nanggala III, Luwu, Sulawesi Selatan. [Nepenthes diversity in Taman Wisata Alam Nanggala III, Luwu, Sulawesi Selatan.] [pp. xiv–xv] In: Abstrak: Konggres dan Seminar Nasional Penggalang Taksonomi Tumbuhan Indonesia (PTTI) Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, 19-20 Desember 2003.（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） Sisipan Biodiversitas 5(1): i–xxxii.
（印尼文） Darma, I.D.P., I.P. Suendra & H.-M. Siregar 2004. Keanekaragaman Nepenthes di Taman Wisata Alam Nanggala III, Luwu, Sulawesi Selatan（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. [Diversity of Nepenthes at ecotour forest Nanggala III, Luwu, South Sulawesi.] BioSMART 6(2): 126–129.
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擴展閱讀

Nepenthes maxima from Celebes go international
食蟲植物照片搜尋引擎中大豬籠草的照片（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源：馬普魯山豬籠草維基物種上的相關資訊：馬普魯山豬籠草

[Hooker-1] （拉丁文） Hooker, J.D. 1873. Ordo CLXXV bis. Nepenthaceæ. In: A. de Candolle Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 17: 90–105.

[2] Masters, M.T. 1887. New or noteworthy plants. Nepenthes Curtisii, Mast., sp. nov.. The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 2(49): 681, 689.

[夏洛特2007-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 夏洛特. 食蟲植物觀賞&栽培圖鑑. 台北: 商周出版. 2007: 60. ISBN 978-986-124-850-9.

[McPherson-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.

[Wowoni-5] （印尼文） Sunarti, S., A. Hidayat & Rugayah 2008. Keanekaragaman tumbuhan di hutan Pegunungan Waworete, Kecamatan Wawonii Timur, Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） [Plants diversity at the mountain forest of Waworete, East Wawonii District, Wawonii Island, Southeast Sulawesi.] Biodiversitas 9(3): 194–198.

[epiphytica-6] Robinson, A.S., J. Nerz & A. Wistuba 2011. Nepenthes epiphytica, a new pitcher plant from East Kalimantan. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 36–51.

[7] [Anonymous] 2013. BE-3543 Nepenthes maxima - wavy leaf.PDF Nepenthes Growers Newsletter 2(2): 7–8.

[8] Bourke, G. 2010. Plant profile: Nepenthes maxima.PDF Captive Exotics Newsletter 1(1): 9–10.

[9] Sharon, E., M. Marder & H.L. Swinney 2004. Leaves, flowers and garbage bags: making waves. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） American Scientist 92(3): 254–261.

[Evans-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Evans, D.P. 2009. New Cultivars: Nepenthes maxima 『Lake Poso』（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 38(1): 18–22.

[M&A2012-11] McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sulawesi. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.

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