沙蜥屬
沙蜥屬
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| 大耳沙蜥（Phrynocephalus mystaceus） | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 脊索動物門 Chordata |
| 綱： | 爬蟲綱 Reptilia |
| 目： | 有鱗目 Squamata |
| 亞目： | 鬣蜥亞目 Iguania |
| 科： | 舊大陸鬣蜥科 Agamidae |
| 亞科： | 鬣蜥亞科 Agaminae |
| 屬： | 沙蜥屬 Phrynocephalus Kaup, 1825 |
| 異名 | |
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{{genus list Oreosaura |Barabanov & Ananjeva, 2007}} | |
沙蜥屬（學名：Phrynocephalus）是爬蟲綱有鱗目飛蜥科的一屬，也有資料將其歸屬於鬣蜥科，是古北界荒漠、半荒漠地帶的典型蜥蜴。[1]
特徵
[編輯]沙蜥屬蜥蜴體型扁平；頭部似蟾或呈倒心臟形。兩頜附生端生齒。顱頂後部有圓珠狀的半透明頂眼；眼周的上、下瞼緣鱗外緣尖出呈鋸齒形；鼻孔內有能自主啟閉的鼻瓣；耳孔及鼓膜隱於皮下。有喉褶。背鱗細圓；腹部為覆瓦狀排列的菱狀鱗；無鬣鱗。四肢勻稱而健壯，趾、指兩側常有發達的櫛緣。雄性尾基膨大，有突出的小刺從，尾有甩到背部上下卷繞的習性。[1]
下屬物種
[編輯]本屬包括以下物種：
- Phrynocephalus ahvazicus Melnikov, Melnikova, Nazarov, Rajabizadeh, Al-Johany, Amr & Ananjeva, 2014
- 白條沙蜥 Phrynocephalus albolineatus (Zhao, 1979)
- 伊犁沙蜥 Phrynocephalus alpherakii (Bedriaga, 1906)
- Phrynocephalus ananjevae Melnikov, Melnikova, Nazarov & Rajabizadeh, 2013
- 阿拉伯沙蜥 Phrynocephalus arabicus Anderson, 1894
- 葉城沙蜥 Phrynocephalus axillaris Blanford, 1875
- Phrynocephalus clarkorum Anderson & Leviton, 1967
- 紅尾沙蜥 Phrynocephalus erythrurus Zugmayer, 1909
- Phrynocephalus euptilopus Alcock & Finn, 1897
- 南疆沙蜥 Phrynocephalus forsythii Anderson, 1872
- 草原沙蜥 Phrynocephalus frontalis Strauch, 1876
- Phrynocephalus golubewii Shenbrot & Semyonov, 1990
- 奇台沙蜥 Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi (Bedriaga, 1907)
- 貴南沙蜥 Phrynocephalus guinanensis Ji, Wang & Wang, 2009
- 烏拉爾沙蜥 Phrynocephalus guttatus (Gmelin, 1789)
- 旱地沙蜥 Phrynocephalus helioscopus (Pallas, 1771)
- Phrynocephalus hispidus Bedriaga, 1909
- 紅原沙蜥 Phrynocephalus hongyuanensis (Zhao, Jing et Huang, 1980)
- Phrynocephalus horvathi von Mehely, 1894
- 無斑沙蜥 Phrynocephalus immaculatus (KT Zhao, 1995)
- Phrynocephalus incertus Bedriaga, 1905
- Phrynocephalus interscapularis Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856
- Phrynocephalus kangsuensis Liang & Shi, 2024[2]
- 白梢沙蜥 Phrynocephalus koslowi (Bedriaga, 1906)
- Phrynocephalus kulagini Bedriaga, 1909
- Phrynocephalus lutensis Kamali & Anderson, 2015[3]
- Phrynocephalus luteoguttatus Boulenger, 1887
- Phrynocephalus maculatus Anderson, 1872
- 黑腹沙蜥 Phrynocephalus melanurus (Eichwald, 1831)
- Phrynocephalus moltschanovi Nikolsky, 1913
- 大耳沙蜥 Phrynocephalus mystaceus (Pallas, 1776)[4]
- 寬鼻沙蜥 Phrynocephalus nasatus (Golubev et Dunayev, 1995)
- Phrynocephalus ornatus Boulenger, 1887
- Phrynocephalus persicus De Filippi, 1863
- 荒漠沙蜥 Phrynocephalus przewalskii Strauch, 1876
- 貴德沙蜥 Phrynocephalus putjatai Bedriaga, 1909
- Phrynocephalus raddei Boettger, 1888
- Phrynocephalus reticulatus Eichwald, 1831
- Phrynocephalus roborowskii Bedriaga, 1906
- Phrynocephalus rossikowi Nikolsky, 1898
- Phrynocephalus saidalievi Sattorov, 1981
- Phrynocephalus sakoi Melnikov, Melnikova, Nazarov, Al-Johany & Ananjeva, 2015[5]
- Phrynocephalus scutellatus (Olivier, 1807)
- Phrynocephalus sogdianus Chernov, 1948
- Phrynocephalus strauchi Nikolsky, 1899
- 西藏沙蜥 Phrynocephalus theobaldi Blyth, 1863
- 變色沙蜥 Phrynocephalus versicolor Strauch, 1876
- Phrynocephalus vindumi Golubev, 1998
- 青海沙蜥 Phrynocephalus vlangalii (Strauch, 1876)
- 澤當沙蜥 Phrynocephalus zetangensis (Wang, Zeng et Wu, 1996)
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ 1.0 1.1 趙爾宓，趙肯堂，周開亞等. 中國科學院中國動物志編輯委員會 , 編. 中国动物志·爬行纲·第二卷·有鳞目 蜥蜴亚目. 北京: 科學出版社. 1999: 151 [2021-07-24]. ISBN 7-03-006750-9. （原始內容存檔於2021-07-13）.
- ^ Qianru Liang and Lei Shi. 2024. Species Divergence in Valleys: the Phylogeny of Phrynocephalus forsythii complex and Description of A New Species. PeerJ. 12:e17175. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17175
- ^ Kamali, Kamran & Steven C. Anderson. 2015. A New Iranian Phrynocephalus (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae) from the Hottest Place on Earth and A Key to the Genus Phrynocephalus in southwestern Asia and Arabia. Zootaxa. 3904(2): 249–260. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3904.2.4
- ^ J. Robert Macey, James A. Schulte, II, Natalia B. Ananjeva, Erik T. V. Dyke, Yuezhao Wang, Nikolai L. Orlov, Soheila Shafiei, Michael D. Robinson, Tatjana Dujsebayeva, Gabriel S. Freund, Clayton M. Fischer, David Liu and Theodore J. Papenfuss. 2018. A Molecular Phylogenetic Hypothesis for the Asian Agamid Lizard Genus Phrynocephalus Reveals Discrete Biogeographic Clades Implicated by Plate Tectonics. Zootaxa. 4467(1); 1–81. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4467.1.1
- ^ Daniel Melnikov, Ekaterina Melnikova, Roman Nazarov, Awadh Al-Johany and Natalia Ananjeva. 2015. A New Species of Phrynocephalus (Agamidae, Sauria) from Al Sharqiyah Sands, Northeastern Oman, Dedicated to the Memory of Sako Tuniyev (1983 – 2015). Russian Journal of Herpetology. 22(4): 301–309.