砷鉍銅石
外觀
砷鉍銅石 | |
---|---|
基本資料 | |
類別 | 砷酸鹽 |
化學式 | BiCu 6(AsO 4) 3(OH) 6· 3(H 2O) |
晶體分類 | 六方雙錐晶類 |
晶體空間群 | P63/m |
晶胞 | a = 13.646(2) Å, c = 5.920(1) Å; Z = 2 |
性質 | |
顏色 | 藍色-綠色至祖母綠色-綠色、淺綠色、白色 |
晶體慣態 | 晶體似針狀,沿c軸延長,有縱紋,表面暗淡無光;集合體晶簇狀、放射狀、皮殼狀、緻密狀、團狀 |
晶系 | 六方晶系 |
斷口 | 不平 |
莫氏硬度 | 3-4 |
光澤 | 玻璃光澤,絲絹光澤 |
條痕 | 淺藍綠色 |
透明性 | 透明至半透明 |
比重 | 3.79-3.83 |
光學性質 | 一軸晶(+) |
折射率 | nω = 1.743 - 1.749 nε = 1.810 - 1.830 |
雙折射 | δ = 0.067 |
多色性 | O = 無色, E = 綠 |
砷鉍銅石(英語:Mixite)[1]是一種稀有的砷酸銅鉍礦物,屬六方晶系,晶體通常呈輻射狀針狀稜柱和塊狀結殼形式,顏色從白色到各種深淺不一的綠色和藍色不等,莫氏硬度為3.5至4,比重為3.8。有不均勻的斷裂具明亮的金剛光澤,和淺藍綠色條痕[2]。砷鐵銅石於1879年由礦山的工程師Anton Mixa在捷克共和國J´achymov附近發現[3] 。
砷鉍銅石是砷鉍銅石礦物組的成員之一,礦物組的化學通式BiCu
6(AsO
4)
3(OH)
6·
3(H
2O),其中A為REE、Al、Ca、Pb或Bi,T為P或As[4]。除砷鉍銅石外,該礦物組還包含同構礦物砷釔銅石-(Y)[5],砷釔銅石-(Ce)[6],砷釔銅石-(Nd)[7],砷釔銅石-(La)[8],磷鈣銅石(calciopetersit)[9],三水砷鋁銅石(goudeyite)[10],磷銅石(petersite)-(Ce)[11],磷銅石(petersite)-(Y)[12],鉍銅砷酸石(plumboagardite)[13]和扎水羥砷銅石(zálesíite)[14]。
成因產狀
[編輯]砷鉍銅石是一種非常見的次生礦物,產於銅礦床的氧化帶中[15],其伴生礦物包括鈷華、孔雀石、重晶石 [16]。
產地
[編輯]在以下地方均曾發現:阿根廷[17] 、澳大利亞[18]、奧地利[19]、法國[20]、德國[21]、 希臘[22]、匈牙利[23]、義大利[24]、日本[25]、墨西哥 [26]、納米比亞[27]、波蘭[28]、西班牙[29]、瑞士[30]、英國[31]和美國[32]。
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
- ^ Mineral data publishing PDF
- ^ Schrauf A (1880) Ueber Arsenate von Joachimsthal. 1. Mixit, ein neues Kupferwismuthhydroarsenat, Zeitschrift für Krystallographie und Mineralogie (in German) 4, 277-285
- ^ Mindat data with locations
- ^ Dietrich J E, Orliac M, Permingeat F (1969) L』agardite, une nouvelle espèce minérale, et le problème du chlorotile, Bulletin de la Société Française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie 92, 420-434
- ^ Walenta K, Theye T (2004) Agardite-(Ce) of the Clara mine in the central Black Forest, Aufschluss 55, 17–23
- ^ Pekov I V, Chukanov N V, Zadov A E, Voudouris P, Magganas A, Katerinopoulos A (2011) Agardite-(Nd),NdCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6•3H2O, from the Hilarion Mine, Lavrion, Greece: mineral description and chemical relations with other members of the agardite-zálesíite solid-solution system, Journal of Geosciences 57, 249-255
- ^ Fehr T, Hochleitner R (1984) Agardite-La. Ein neues mineral von Lavrion, Griechenland, Lapis 9, 22-37
- ^ Sejkora J, Novotný P, Novák M, Šrein V, Berlepsch P (2005) Calciopetersite from Domašov nad Bystricí, Northern Moravia, Czech Republic, a new mineral species of the mixite group, The Canadian Mineralogist 43, 1393-1400
- ^ Wise W S (1978) Parnauite and goudeyite, two new copper arsenate minerals from the Majuba Hill Mine, Pershing County, Nevada, American Mineralogist 63, 704-708
- ^ Williams P A, Hatert F, Pasero M, Mills S J (2014) IMA Commission on new minerals, nomenclature and classification (CNMNC) Newsletter 20. New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2014. Mineralogical Magazine 78, 549-558
- ^ Peacor D R, Dunn P J (1982) Petersite, a REE and phosphate analog of mixite, American Mineralogist 67, 1039-1042
- ^ Walenta K, Theye T (2005) Plumboagardite, a new mineral of the mixite group from an occurrence in the Southern Black Forest, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 181, 219-224
- ^ Sejkora J, Rídkošil T, Šrein V (1999) Zálesíite, a new mineral of the mixite group, from Zálesí, Rychlebské hory Mts., Czech Republic, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 175, 105-124.
- ^ Webmineral data
- ^ Sejkora J, Novotny P, Novák M, ?rein V, Berlepsch P. 2005. Calciopetersite from Doma?ov nad Byst?icí, northern Moravia, Czech Republic, a new mineral species of the mixite group. Canadian Mineralogist, 43: 1393~1400
- ^ Lapis 8(4), 25 (1983).
- ^ Kolitsch, U. and Elliott, P. (1999): Mineralogy of the Mount Malvern Mine near Clarendon, South Australia. Australian J. Mineral. 5, 3-17.
- ^ G. Blass, A. Pichler: Carinthia II 191./111.: 43-55 (2001); Kolitsch,
- ^ Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997.
- ^ Aufschluss 1986(11), 370ff.
- ^ Voudouris, P. & Economou-Eliopoulus, M. (2003): Mineralogy and chemistry of Cu-rich ores from the Kamariza carbonate-hosted deposit (Lavrion), Greece. In: Eliopoulos et al. (Eds.): Mineral Exploration and Sustainable Development. Millpress, Rotterdam, 1039-1042.
- ^ Geoda 2012/I.
- ^ Piccoli, G.C. (2002): Minerali delle Alpi Marittime e Cozie. Provincia di Cuneo. Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio", Ed., Alba, 366 pp.; Piccoli, G. C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., & Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo F. Eusebio - Alba, 607 pag.
- ^ Matsubara et al (1992) Ganseki-Koubutsu-Koshogaku Zasshi, 87, 147-148.
- ^ Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 944.
- ^ Gebhard, G. (1999): Tsumeb II. A Unique Mineral Locality. GG Publishing, Grossenseifen, Germany
- ^ Domańska, J.: Rędziny. Otoczak, nr. 29, p. 38-52.
- ^ VIÑALS, J., CALVO, M., and MARTÍ, J. (2004): Parnauita, paratacamita y otros minerales secundarios de Cerro Minado, Almería. Revista de Minerales, 2, 5, 47-49.(in Spanish). Versions simultaneously published in Catalan (Mineralogistes de Catalunya) and in English version (Mineral Up)
- ^ Ansermet, S. (2012): Mines et minéraux du Valais - II. Anniviers et Tourtemagne. With contributions by N. Meisser, Ed. Porte-plumes (Ayer).
- ^ Golley, P., and Williams, R. (1995): Cornish Mineral Reference Manual. Endsleigh Publications (Truro), 104 pp.
- ^ Grant, Raymond W., Bideaux, R.A., and Williams, S.A. (2006) Minerals Added to the Arizona List 1995-2005: 6.