MLL (基因)

髓樣/淋巴樣或混合世系白血病（三胸同源物，果蠅）
	PDB rendering based on 2j2s.
有效結構
PDB	直系同源檢索：PDBe, RCSB
PDB查詢代碼列表
	2AGH, 2J2S, 2JYI, 2KKF, 2KU7, 2KYU, 2LXS, 2LXT, 2W5Y, 2W5Z, 3EG6, 3EMH, 3LQH, 3LQI, 3LQJ, 3P4F, 3U85, 3U88, 4ESG, 4GQ6
標識
代號	MLL; ALL-1; CXXC7; HRX; HTRX1; KMT2A; MLL/GAS7; MLL1A; TET1-MLL; TRX1; WDSTS
擴展標識	遺傳學：159555 鼠基因：96995 同源基因：4338 ChEMBL: 1293299 GeneCards: MLL Gene
EC編號	2.1.1.43
基因本體論描述
分子功能	· AT DNA binding; · sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity; · protein binding; · zinc ion binding; · histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K4 specific); · identical protein binding; · protein homodimerization activity; · transcription regulatory region DNA binding; · unmethylated CpG binding; · histone acetyl-lysine binding;
細胞成分	· nucleus; · histone methyltransferase complex; · MLL1 complex;
生物過程	· transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; · protein complex assembly; · apoptotic process; · positive regulation of transporter activity; · embryonic hemopoiesis; · histone H4-K16 acetylation; · positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; · positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; · histone H3-K4 methylation; · histone H3-K4 trimethylation; · positive regulation of cellular response to drug;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA表達模式
	更多表達數據
直系同源體
	閱; 論; 編;

組蛋白-賴氨酸N-甲基轉移酶HRX（英語：Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase HRX）是人體中由MLL（ALL1）基因編碼的一種酶。MLL代表髓樣/淋巴樣，或混合世系白血病^[1]。

MLL是一種組蛋白甲基轉移酶，被認為是影響基因轉錄的全局正向調控物。該蛋白屬於組蛋白修飾酶類家族，包含了轉活化結構域9aaTAD^[2]，且參與了對轉錄記憶的表觀遺傳學維持。

MLL基因若發生重排（即染色體結構改變造成遺傳物質的重新排列）則會導致嚴重的急性白血病，包括淋巴母細胞性及髓性^[3]。該基因亦可能參與了精神分裂症中GAD67表達下調的過程^[4]。

交互作用[編輯]

現已顯示MLL這個基因與HDAC1^[5]、PPP1R15A^[6]、宿主細胞因子C1^[7]、MEN1^[7] RBBP5,^[7] ASH2L,^[7]、CREB結合蛋白^[8]^[9]、WDR5^[7] CTBP1^[5]及PPIE.^[10]之間有著相互作用。

參考文獻[編輯]

^ Ziemin-van der Poel S. Identification of a gene, MLL, that spans the breakpoint in 11q23 translocations associated with human leukemias. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. January 1992, 88 (23): 10735–9. PMC 53005 . PMID 1720549. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.23.10735.
^ Piskacek S, Gregor M, Nemethova M, Grabner M, Kovarik P, Piskacek M. Nine-amino-acid transactivation domain: establishment and prediction utilities. Genomics. June 2007, 89 (6): 756–68. PMID 17467953. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2007.02.003. ; Piskacek M. Common Transactivation Motif 9aaTAD recruits multiple general co-activators TAF9, MED15, CBP and p300. Nature Precedings: Prepublication research and preliminary findings. November 2009. doi:10.1038/npre.2009.3488.2. ; Piskacek M. 9aaTADs mimic DNA to interact with a pseudo-DNA Binding Domain KIX of Med15 (Molecular Chameleons). Nature Preceedings: Prepublication research and preliminary findings. November 2009. doi:10.1038/npre.2009.3939.1. ; Goto NK, Zor T, Martinez-Yamout M, Dyson HJ, Wright PE. Cooperativity in transcription factor binding to the coactivator CREB-binding protein (CBP). The mixed lineage leukemia protein (MLL) activation domain binds to an allosteric site on the KIX domain. J. Biol. Chem. November 2002, 277 (45): 43168–74. PMID 12205094. doi:10.1074/jbc.M207660200. ; Prasad R, Yano T, Sorio C, Nakamura T, Rallapalli R, Gu Y, Leshkowitz D, Croce CM, Canaani E. Domains with transcriptional regulatory activity within the ALL1 and AF4 proteins involved in acute leukemia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. December 1995, 92 (26): 12160–4. PMC 40316 . PMID 8618864. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.26.12160. ; Ernst P, Wang J, Huang M, Goodman RH, Korsmeyer SJ. MLL and CREB Bind Cooperatively to the Nuclear Coactivator CREB-Binding Protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. April 2001, 21 (7): 2249–58. PMC 86859 . PMID 11259575. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.7.2249-2258.2001.
^ Guenther MG, Jenner RG, Chevalier B, Nakamura T, Croce CM, Canaani E, Young RA. Global and Hox-specific roles for the MLL1 methyltransferase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. June 2005, 102 (24): 8603–8. PMC 1150839 . PMID 15941828. doi:10.1073/pnas.0503072102.
^ Huang HS, Matevossian A, Whittle C, Kim SY, Schumacher A, Baker SP, Akbarian S. Prefrontal dysfunction in schizophrenia involves mixed-lineage leukemia 1-regulated histone methylation at GABAergic gene promoters. J. Neurosci. October 2007, 27 (42): 11254–62. PMID 17942719. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3272-07.2007.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Xia, Zhen-Biao; Anderson Melanie; Diaz Manuel O; Zeleznik-Le Nancy J. MLL repression domain interacts with histone deacetylases, the polycomb group proteins HPC2 and BMI-1, and the corepressor C-terminal-binding protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (United States). July 2003, 100 (14): 8342–7. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 166231 . PMID 12829790. doi:10.1073/pnas.1436338100.
^ Adler, H T; Chinery R; Wu D Y; Kussick S J; Payne J M; Fornace A J; Tkachuk D C. Leukemic HRX Fusion Proteins Inhibit GADD34-Induced Apoptosis and Associate with the GADD34 and hSNF5/INI1 Proteins. Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES). October 1999, 19 (10): 7050–60. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 84700 . PMID 10490642.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 Yokoyama, Akihiko; Wang Zhong; Wysocka Joanna; Sanyal Mrinmoy; Aufiero Deborah J; Kitabayashi Issay; Herr Winship; Cleary Michael L. Leukemia Proto-Oncoprotein MLL Forms a SET1-Like Histone Methyltransferase Complex with Menin To Regulate Hox Gene Expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. (United States). July 2004, 24 (13): 5639–49. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 480881 . PMID 15199122. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.13.5639-5649.2004.
^ Goto, Natalie K; Zor Tsaffrir; Martinez-Yamout Maria; Dyson H Jane; Wright Peter E. Cooperativity in transcription factor binding to the coactivator CREB-binding protein (CBP). The mixed lineage leukemia protein (MLL) activation domain binds to an allosteric site on the KIX domain. J. Biol. Chem. (United States). November 2002, 277 (45): 43168–74. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12205094. doi:10.1074/jbc.M207660200.
^ Ernst, P; Wang J; Huang M; Goodman R H; Korsmeyer S J. MLL and CREB Bind Cooperatively to the Nuclear Coactivator CREB-Binding Protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. (United States). April 2001, 21 (7): 2249–58. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 86859 . PMID 11259575. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.7.2249-2258.2001.
^ Fair, K; Anderson M; Bulanova E; Mi H; Tropschug M; Diaz M O. Protein Interactions of the MLL PHD Fingers Modulate MLL Target Gene Regulation in Human Cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. (United States). May 2001, 21 (10): 3589–97. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 100280 . PMID 11313484. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.10.3589-3597.2001.

深入閱讀[編輯]

Marschalek R; Nilson I; Löchner K; Greim, R; Siegler, G; Greil, J; Beck, JD; Fey, GH. The structure of the human ALL-1/MLL/HRX gene. Leuk. Lymphoma. 1998, 27 (5–6): 417–28. PMID 9477123. doi:10.3109/10428199709058308.
Eguchi M, Eguchi-Ishimae M, Greaves M. The role of the MLL gene in infant leukemia. Int. J. Hematol. 2004, 78 (5): 390–401. PMID 14704031. doi:10.1007/BF02983811.
Daser A, Rabbitts TH. Extending the repertoire of the mixed-lineage leukemia gene MLL in leukemogenesis. Genes Dev. 2004, 18 (9): 965–74. PMID 15132992. doi:10.1101/gad.1195504.
Li ZY, Liu DP, Liang CC. New insight into the molecular mechanisms of MLL-associated leukemia. Leukemia. 2005, 19 (2): 183–90. PMID 15618964. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2403602.
Douet-Guilbert N; Morel F; Le Bris MJ; Sassolas, Bruno; Giroux, Jean-Dominique; De Braekeleer, Marc. Rearrangement of MLL in a patient with congenital acute monoblastic leukemia and granulocytic sarcoma associated with a t(1;11)(p36;q23) translocation. Leuk. Lymphoma. 2005, 46 (1): 143–6. PMID 15621793. doi:10.1080/104281904000010783.

外部連結[編輯]

MLL OMIM Entry: （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） MYELOID/LYMPHOID OR MIXED LINEAGE LEUKEMIA GENE; MLL
醫學主題詞表（MeSH）：MLL+protein,+human
Gene MLL on the Atlas of Genetics and Oncology

[pmid1720549-1] Ziemin-van der Poel S. Identification of a gene, MLL, that spans the breakpoint in 11q23 translocations associated with human leukemias. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. January 1992, 88 (23): 10735–9. PMC 53005 . PMID 1720549. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.23.10735.

[9aaTAD-2] Piskacek S, Gregor M, Nemethova M, Grabner M, Kovarik P, Piskacek M. Nine-amino-acid transactivation domain: establishment and prediction utilities. Genomics. June 2007, 89 (6): 756–68. PMID 17467953. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2007.02.003. ; Piskacek M. Common Transactivation Motif 9aaTAD recruits multiple general co-activators TAF9, MED15, CBP and p300. Nature Precedings: Prepublication research and preliminary findings. November 2009. doi:10.1038/npre.2009.3488.2. ; Piskacek M. 9aaTADs mimic DNA to interact with a pseudo-DNA Binding Domain KIX of Med15 (Molecular Chameleons). Nature Preceedings: Prepublication research and preliminary findings. November 2009. doi:10.1038/npre.2009.3939.1. ; Goto NK, Zor T, Martinez-Yamout M, Dyson HJ, Wright PE. Cooperativity in transcription factor binding to the coactivator CREB-binding protein (CBP). The mixed lineage leukemia protein (MLL) activation domain binds to an allosteric site on the KIX domain. J. Biol. Chem. November 2002, 277 (45): 43168–74. PMID 12205094. doi:10.1074/jbc.M207660200. ; Prasad R, Yano T, Sorio C, Nakamura T, Rallapalli R, Gu Y, Leshkowitz D, Croce CM, Canaani E. Domains with transcriptional regulatory activity within the ALL1 and AF4 proteins involved in acute leukemia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. December 1995, 92 (26): 12160–4. PMC 40316 . PMID 8618864. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.26.12160. ; Ernst P, Wang J, Huang M, Goodman RH, Korsmeyer SJ. MLL and CREB Bind Cooperatively to the Nuclear Coactivator CREB-Binding Protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. April 2001, 21 (7): 2249–58. PMC 86859 . PMID 11259575. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.7.2249-2258.2001.

[pmid15941828-3] Guenther MG, Jenner RG, Chevalier B, Nakamura T, Croce CM, Canaani E, Young RA. Global and Hox-specific roles for the MLL1 methyltransferase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. June 2005, 102 (24): 8603–8. PMC 1150839 . PMID 15941828. doi:10.1073/pnas.0503072102.

[pmid17942719-4] Huang HS, Matevossian A, Whittle C, Kim SY, Schumacher A, Baker SP, Akbarian S. Prefrontal dysfunction in schizophrenia involves mixed-lineage leukemia 1-regulated histone methylation at GABAergic gene promoters. J. Neurosci. October 2007, 27 (42): 11254–62. PMID 17942719. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3272-07.2007.

[pmid12829790-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Xia, Zhen-Biao; Anderson Melanie; Diaz Manuel O; Zeleznik-Le Nancy J. MLL repression domain interacts with histone deacetylases, the polycomb group proteins HPC2 and BMI-1, and the corepressor C-terminal-binding protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (United States). July 2003, 100 (14): 8342–7. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 166231 . PMID 12829790. doi:10.1073/pnas.1436338100.

[pmid10490642-6] Adler, H T; Chinery R; Wu D Y; Kussick S J; Payne J M; Fornace A J; Tkachuk D C. Leukemic HRX Fusion Proteins Inhibit GADD34-Induced Apoptosis and Associate with the GADD34 and hSNF5/INI1 Proteins. Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES). October 1999, 19 (10): 7050–60. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 84700 . PMID 10490642.

[pmid15199122-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 Yokoyama, Akihiko; Wang Zhong; Wysocka Joanna; Sanyal Mrinmoy; Aufiero Deborah J; Kitabayashi Issay; Herr Winship; Cleary Michael L. Leukemia Proto-Oncoprotein MLL Forms a SET1-Like Histone Methyltransferase Complex with Menin To Regulate Hox Gene Expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. (United States). July 2004, 24 (13): 5639–49. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 480881 . PMID 15199122. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.13.5639-5649.2004.

[pmid12205094-8] Goto, Natalie K; Zor Tsaffrir; Martinez-Yamout Maria; Dyson H Jane; Wright Peter E. Cooperativity in transcription factor binding to the coactivator CREB-binding protein (CBP). The mixed lineage leukemia protein (MLL) activation domain binds to an allosteric site on the KIX domain. J. Biol. Chem. (United States). November 2002, 277 (45): 43168–74. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12205094. doi:10.1074/jbc.M207660200.

[pmid11259575-9] Ernst, P; Wang J; Huang M; Goodman R H; Korsmeyer S J. MLL and CREB Bind Cooperatively to the Nuclear Coactivator CREB-Binding Protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. (United States). April 2001, 21 (7): 2249–58. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 86859 . PMID 11259575. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.7.2249-2258.2001.

[pmid11313484-10] Fair, K; Anderson M; Bulanova E; Mi H; Tropschug M; Diaz M O. Protein Interactions of the MLL PHD Fingers Modulate MLL Target Gene Regulation in Human Cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. (United States). May 2001, 21 (10): 3589–97. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 100280 . PMID 11313484. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.10.3589-3597.2001.

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