使用者:人人生來平等/沙盒貳
非洲森林水牛
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|---|---|
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| 聖地牙哥動物園內的非洲森林水牛 | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 脊索動物門 Chordata |
| 綱： | 哺乳綱 Mammalia |
| 目： | 偶蹄目 Artiodactyla |
| 科： | 牛科 Bovidae |
| 屬： | 非洲水牛屬 Syncerus |
| 種： | S. caffer
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| 亞種： | 非洲森林水牛 S. c. nanus
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| 三名法 | |
| Syncerus caffer nanus (Boddaert, 1785)
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非洲森林水牛（學名：Syncerus caffer nanus）又稱矮水牛（dwarf buffalo）或剛果水牛（Congo buffalo），是非洲水牛中最小的亞種[1]，其與開普水牛（學名：Syncerus caffer caffer）、蘇丹水牛（學名：Syncerus caffer brachyceros）和尼羅河水牛（學名：Syncerus caffer aequinoctialis）有親緣關係，且該物種是唯一分布在非洲中部和西部雨林的非洲水牛亞種，而該雨林的年降水量約1,500毫米。[2]
簡介
[編輯]非洲森林水牛是非洲水牛的一個小亞種，體重在250至320公斤（550至710英磅）不等，[1]區分該物種和其他亞種的特徵還包括其具有紅棕色的外型、面部區域較深和牛角形狀相較於其他亞種小等。[1][3]
特性
[編輯]非洲森林水牛棲息在西非和中非的熱帶雨林中，但沼澤、草原也都是其分布範圍。
腳註
[編輯]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Korte, Lisa M 2008，第115頁.
- ^ Melletti, Mario, Penteriani Vincenzo & Mirabile Marzia 2007，第1312頁.
- ^ Melletti M. and Burton J. (eds). 2014.
參考文獻
[編輯]
維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源：人人生來平等/沙盒貳
- Bekhuis, Patricia D.B.M.; De Jong, Christine B.; Prins, Herbert H. T. Diet selection and density estimates of forest buffalo in Campo-Ma'an National Park, Cameroon. African Journal of Ecology. 2008, 46 (#4): 668–675. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2008.00956.x.
- Blake, Stephen. Forest Buffalo Prefer Clearings to Closed-canopy Forest in the Primary Forest of Northern Congo. Oryx. 2002, 36 (#1): 81–86. doi:10.1017/S0030605302000121.
- Hoek, Yntze van der; Lustenhouwer Ivo; Jefferry Kathryn J.; Hooft Pim van. Potential Effects of Prescribed Savannah Burning on the Diet Selection of Forest Buffalo (Syncerus Caffer Nanus) in Lope´ National Park, Gabon. African Journal of Ecology. 2012, 51 (#1): 94–101. doi:10.1111/aje.12010.
- Korte, Lisa M. Habitat Selection at Two Spatial Scales and Diurnal Activity Patterns of Adult Female Forest Buffalo. Journal of Mammalogy. 2008, 89 (#1): 115–125. doi:10.1644/06-MAMM-A-423.1.
- Korte, Lisa M. Variation of Group Size Among African Buffalo Herds in a Forest-savanna Mosaic Landscape. Journal of Zoology. 2008, 275 (#3): 229–236. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2008.00430.x.
- Korte, Lisa M. Herd-switching in Adult Female African Forest Buffalo Syncerus Caffer Nanus. African Journal of Ecology. 2009, 47 (#1): 125–127. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2008.00978.x.
- Melletti M.; Penteriani V.; Boitani L. Habitat Preferences of the Secretive Forest Buffalo Syncerus Caffer Nanus in Central Africa (PDF). Journal of Zoology. 2007, 271 (#2): 178–186. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00196.x. hdl:10261/62369.
- Melletti, Mario; Penteriani Vincenzo; Mirabile Marzia; Boitani Luigi. Some Behavioral Aspects of Forest Buffalo (Syncerus Caffer Nanus): From Herd to Individual. Journal of Mammalogy. 2007, 88 (#5): 1312–1318. doi:10.1644/06-MAMM-A-240R1.1.
- Melletti, Mario; Penteriani, Vincenzo; Mirabile, Marzia; Boitani, Luigi. Effects of habitat and season on the grouping of forest buffalo resting places. African Journal of Ecology. 2008, 47: 121–124. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2008.00965.x. hdl:10261/62295.
- Melletti, Mario; M. M. Delgado; Penteriani Vincenzo; Mirabile Marzia; Boitani Luigi. Spatial properties of a forest buffalo herd and individual positioning as a response to environmental cues and social behaviour. Journal of Ethology. 2010, 28 (#3): 421–428. doi:10.1007/s10164-009-0199-z. hdl:10261/62522.
- Melletti M.; Burton J. 2014. (編). Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour of Wild Cattle. Implications for Conservation (Cambridge University Press)..