User:Simon Wade/沙盒 5
“三位一体”核试验、广岛、长崎[编辑]
“原爆点”一词最早用于在新墨西哥州索科罗县托立尼提沙漠进行的三位一体核试验，以及后来的广岛与长崎原子弹爆炸中。美国战略轰炸调查团在1946年6月发出的关于原子弹的报告中，宽泛地使用了“原爆点”一词，并定义为“为了方便起见，‘原爆点’（Ground Zero）一词将用于表示爆炸点正下方的地面上的点”。战地记者威廉·劳伦斯称，“Zero”源于被选为进行三位一体核试验地点的代号。
《牛津英语词典》引用1946年《纽约时报》关于被摧毁的广岛市的一篇报道，将原爆点定义为“炸弹爆炸时正下方的地面，特指原子弹”。
在广岛，实际的原爆点为島醫院，与预定的原爆点相生桥偏移了600米。
五角大楼[编辑]
During the Cold War, The Pentagon, the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense in Arlington County, Virginia, was an assured target in the event of nuclear war. The open space in the center of the Pentagon became known informally as ground zero. A snack bar that used to be located at the center of this open space was nicknamed "Cafe Ground Zero".[1]
| 生意人报 | |
|---|---|
| 類型 | 日报 |
| 持有者 | 阿利舍尔·乌斯马诺夫 |
| 創刊日 | 1909年 1989年 |
| 語言 | 俄文 |
| 总部 |  俄羅斯莫斯科 |
| 發行量 | 120,000-130,000（截至2013年7月） |
| ISSN | 1563-6380 |
| 網站 | kommersant.ru |
《生意人报》（俄語：Коммерса́нтъ，IPA：[kəmʲɪrˈsant]，经常被简称为«Ъ»），俄罗斯的一份于全国发行的日报，以政治和商业报道为主。
历史[编辑]
《生意人报》最初于1909年创刊，1917年因为布尔什维克掌权并引入审查制度后被迫停刊。
1989年，随着俄罗斯新闻自由的放开，《生意人报》复刊，由商人弗拉基米尔·雅科夫列夫所有。
2005年1月，《生意人报》在版面上“开天窗”，以抗议法院要求报社就之前发表的关于Alfa 银行危机的报道刊登纠正声明。当期唯一的一篇文章，以上下颠倒的形势刊登在头版。
多边会议[编辑]
坐标：30°14′4.2″N 120°7′19.8″E / 30.234500°N 120.122167°E 704工程，又被称为林彪行宫，是中共领导人林彪在浙江省杭州市修建的别墅群和地下军事基地，现位于杭州市西湖区三台山路278号浙江宾馆内。
因为工程于1970年4月开始建设，故称为704工程。
历史[编辑]
建筑[编辑]
别墅群[编辑]
地下军事基地[编辑]
另见[编辑]
参考文献[编辑]
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Pentagon Hot Dog Stand, Cold War Legend, to be Torn Down. United States Department of Defense. September 20, 2006 [2010-05-06].
'It's rumored that a portion of their (Soviet) nuclear arsenal was directed at that building, the Pentagon hot dog stand,' tour guides tell visitors as they pass the stand. 'This is where the building earned the nickname Cafe Ground Zero, the deadliest hot dog stand in the world.'
Bibliography[编辑]
Books[编辑]
- The Day the World came to town: 9/11 in Gander, Newfoundland. Harper Collins. 2003. ISBN 978-0-06-055971-7.
- Transport Canada. 11–09–2001 Four Days in September (PDF). Ottawa: Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. 2002. ISBN 0-662-66832-4.
Television[编辑]
- Attack on the USA (television). CBC News. 2001-09-11.
- Global National: America Under Attack (television). Global TV. 2001-09-11.
Newspapers[编辑]
- Higgins, Michael; Smyth, Julie. Military Escorts Jets to Airports After Hijacking Fears. The National Post. September 12, 2001: A9.
| 北外滩白玉兰广场 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 概要 | |
| 状态 | 竣工 |
| 類型 | 混合（办公、零售、酒店） |
| 建築風格 | 现代主义 |
| 地點 |  中国上海市虹口区 |
| 坐标 | 31°15′4″N 121°29′36.75″E / 31.25111°N 121.4935417°E坐标：31°15′4″N 121°29′36.75″E / 31.25111°N 121.4935417°E{{#coordinates:}}：每页不能有多个主标签 |
| 起造 | 2008年 |
| 竣工日 | 2017年 |
| 高度 | |
| 屋顶 | 办公塔楼：319.5米（1,048英尺） 酒店塔楼：171.7米（563英尺） |
| 技术细节 | |
| 建筑面积 | 817,000平方米（8,790,000平方英尺） |
| 层数 | 办公塔楼：66 酒店塔楼：39 |
| 设计与建造 | |
| 建筑师 | SOM建筑设计事务所 |
| 开发商 | 金光集团、上海金港北外滩置业有限公司 |
| 主承包商 | 上海建工集团 |
北外滩白玉兰广场位于中国上海市虹口区黄浦江北岸，由一栋高319.5米的办公塔楼、一栋高171.7米的酒店塔楼以及一个购物中心组成。
白玉兰广场的办公塔楼超越上海世茂国际广场，以319.5米的建筑高度（不含顶部天线等各类设施）成为浦西第一高楼、上海第五高楼。[1]
历史[编辑]
- 上海外滩W酒店
参考文献[编辑]
- ^ 迟腾. 上海再添摩天大厦，浦西第一高楼正式竣工亮相. 解放日报. 2017-01-04 [2018-12-17].
外部链接[编辑]
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维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：Simon Wade/沙盒 5 |
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Legal issues[编辑]
What rights and privileges honorary citizenship bestows, if any, is unclear. According to State Department documents, it does not grant eligibility for United States passports.[1]
Despite widespread belief that Lafayette received honorary citizenship of the United States before Churchill,[2] he did not receive honorary citizenship until 2002. Lafayette did become a natural-born citizen during his lifetime. On 28 December 1784, the Maryland General Assembly passed a resolution stating that Lafayette and his male heirs "forever shall be...natural born Citizens" of the state.[3] This made him a natural-born citizen of the United States under the Articles of Confederation and as defined in Section 1 of Article Two of the United States Constitution.[4][5][2][6][7][8]
Lafayette boasted in 1792 that he had become an American citizen before the French Revolution created the concept of French citizenship.[9] In 1803, President Jefferson wrote him he would have offered to make him Governor of Louisiana, had he been "on the spot".[10] In 1932, descendant René de Chambrun established his American citizenship based on the Maryland resolution,[11][12] although he was probably ineligible as the inherited citizenship was likely only intended for direct descendants who were heir to Lafayette's estate and title.[13] The Board of Immigration Appeals ruled in 1955 that "it is possible to argue" that Lafayette and living male heirs became American citizens when the Constitution became effective on 4 March 1789, but that heirs born later were not U.S. citizens.[5]
Honorary citizenship should not be confused with citizenship or permanent residency bestowed by a private bill. Private bills are, on rare occasions, used to provide relief to individuals, often in immigration cases, and are also passed by Congress and signed into law by the President. One such statute, granting Elián González U.S. citizenship, was suggested in 1999, but was never enacted.[14]
| Olympic Laurel | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 主办单位 | International Olympic Committee |
The Olympic Laurel is a distinction awarded by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to honour those who have "made significant achievements in education, culture, development and peace through sport". It was introduced in 2016 to implement part of recommendation 26 of Olympic Agenda 2020,[15] and will be presented during the opening ceremony of each Olympic Games. IOC President Thomas Bach stated that the award reconnects the Olympics the ideals and values of the Ancient Olympic Games.[16] The trophy features a laurel wreath and the Olympic rings which are made out of Fairmined Gold and the base is a stone from Ancient Olympia.[17][16]
List of Olympic Laurel recipients[编辑]
| Year | Name | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 |  Kipchoge Keino
|
[18] |
| 2018 |  Jacques Rogge
|
[19] |
| 2020/1 |  Muhammad Yunus
|
[20] |
References[编辑]
- ^ 8 FAM 306.1: Honorary Citizenship. Foreign Affairs Manual Volume 8. U.S. Department of State. 27 June 2018 [18 July 2018].
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Sir Winston May Get U.S. Citizenship. Sarasota Journal. UPI. 1963-03-11: 5 [25 February 2016].
- ^ Lafayette again became an honorary citizen of Maryland in 1823, as well as of Connecticut the same year.
- ^ Speare, Morris Edmund. Lafayette, Citizen of America (PDF). The New York Times. 7 September 1919 [2 February 2011].
- ^ 5.0 5.1 IN THE MATTER OF M, 6 IN Dec. 749 (B.I.A. 1955). “We need not consider the precise effect of the Maryland act of 1784 upon the political status of Lafayette and such of his male heirs as had been born prior to the date when the Constitution of the United States became effective (March 4, 1789). It is possible to argue that they were citizens of Maryland and under Section 2 of Article IV of the United States Constitution should be considered citizens of the United States. However, we hold that when Congress by legislation set forth the requirements for citizenship, the descendents of Lafayette who were born thereafter could only acquire United States citizenship on the terms specified by Congress, and they were not in a position to acquire such citizenship by virtue of the Maryland act of 1784.”
- ^ Folliard, Edward T. JFK Slipped on Historical Data In Churchill Tribute. Sarasota Journal. 25 May 1973 [2 February 2011].
- ^ Cornell, Douglas B. Churchill Acceptance 'Honors Us Far More'. The Sumter Daily Item. 10 April 1963 [2 February 2011].
- ^ Plumpton, John. A Son of America Though a Subject of Britain. Finest Hour (The Churchill Centre). Summer 1988, (60).
- ^ Lafayette: Citizen of Two Worlds. Lafayette: Citizen of Two Worlds. Cornell University Library. 2006 [2012-09-29].
- ^ Lafayette’s Triumphal Tour: America, 1824-1825. Lafayette: Citizen of Two Worlds. Cornell University Library. 2006 [2 February 2011].
- ^ Letters. TIME. 2 December 1940 [2 February 2011].
- ^ Rogister, John. Obituaries: René de Chambrun. The Independent. 17 August 2002 [2 February 2011]. 原始内容存档于January 1, 2010.
- ^ Gottschalk, Louis Reichenthal. Lafayette Between the American and the French Revolution (1783-1789). University of Chicago Press. 1950: 435–436.
- ^ Bash, Dana. Helms says he aims to offer U.S. citizenship to Elian Gonzalez. CNN. 23 December 1999 [2 February 2011].
- ^ Plympic agaenda recommendations (PDF). stillmed.olympic.org. 2020 [2020-02-29].
- ^ 16.0 16.1 New Olympic Laurel Award to “Reconnect with the Ideals and Values of the Ancient Olympic Games” - Olympic News. Olympic.org. [2020-02-29].
- ^ Posted by fairmined on August 13, 2016 in Events. THE OLYMPIC LAUREL: A new trophy made of Fairmined Gold. Fairmined. 2016-08-13 [2020-02-29].
- ^ Kip Keino to receive Olympic Laurel distinction. IOC. [15 August 2016].
- ^ https://www.apnews.com/c0762949da024bdfac1307f31e26e758
- ^ https://thebridge.in/tokyo-2020/bangladeshi-nobel-laureate-Dr.-muhammad-yunus-olympic-laurel-23172
Template:Olympic symbols Template:International Olympic Committee
 | 这是一篇奖励相关小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。 |
 | 这是一篇奥运会小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。 |
第五十一届超级碗中场表演作为第五十一届超级碗的一部分，于2017年2月5日在德克萨斯州休斯顿的NRG球场举行。本次中场秀由嘎嘎小姐担纲，她演唱了包括她新近发行的录音室专辑《乔安》等个人作品在内的组曲。
嘎嘎小姐的这次表演广受好评，媒体称赞为是嘎嘎小姐本人艺术和音乐水准的表现。本次中场秀也因为对LGBT社群的支持，运用无人机群组成灯光秀引入演出和传递出的政治意味而为人所知。本次演出收获1亿1750万电视观众，是超级碗历史上收视人数第二高的中场表演，也是连续第四年中场表演的收视率高于超级碗球赛本身。美国國家美式橄欖球聯盟（NFL）表示，综合考虑电视、网络和社交媒体的观看人数，第五十一届超级碗中场表演是“有史以来观看人数最多的音乐演出”。
概要[编辑]
| 外部视频链接 | |
|---|---|
 Full Super Bowl LI halftime show –通过the NFL's official channel on YouTube. | |
| Super Bowl LI halftime show –通过Lady Gaga's official channel on YouTube. |
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中场表演以嘎嘎小姐在NGR球场的屋顶演唱《天佑美国》为开始。由英特尔开发的300架无人机在嘎嘎小姐的身后组成红白蓝三色的灯光秀。随后她演唱了伍迪·格思里的歌曲《这是你的土地》，并在歌曲的最后念了来自美国公民效忠宣誓中的一句话“上帝之下，未可分裂之国度，自由平等全民皆享”，同时无人机组成了美国国旗的造型。嘎嘎小姐之后从屋顶纵身一跃，来到舞台上的高柱平台，并演唱了《撲克臉》，然后她从高柱平台上再次跳下，落在了舞台中央，和伴舞一同表演了《天生完美》。
之后，嘎嘎小姐来到舞台一隅，演唱了单人版本的《电话》，接着她被一名舞者抱至舞台中央，然后背上Keytar表演了《舞力全開》。
背景[编辑]
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2016年8月，媒体开始报道NFL正在和英国女歌手阿黛尔讨论她在第五十一届超级碗中场表演中献唱一事。[1]NFL的一位代表说：“组织者正尽全力说服她（阿黛尔）参加。”[2] 然而阿黛尔本人在洛杉矶的巡演中说，虽然NFL提供了她这个机会，但她还是选择拒绝。而NFL方面否认向阿黛尔提供正式的邀请，并发表声明：
NFL 和百事可乐是阿黛尔的粉丝。我们和多位艺术家就超级碗中场表演进行沟通。不过目前我们没有向包括阿黛尔在内的任何艺术家提供正式的邀请函。我们致力于在休斯顿展现一场精彩绝伦的演出，并将在合适的时机宣布中场秀演出嘉宾的人选。[3]
与此同时，嘎嘎小姐宣布自己将在2016年10月发布第五张录音室专辑《乔安》。《公告牌》报道，NFL正在和嘎嘎小姐商谈，因为她曾在上一届超级碗上演唱美国国歌。2016年9月26日，嘎嘎小姐在自己的Instagram账号上宣布自己将在下一届超级碗中场秀中担纲。[4]负责转播本届超级碗的FOX Sports的总裁John Entz也确认了嘎嘎小姐的出席，并补充道：“她是我们这个世代最有活力的歌手之一。我们对于她将登上超级碗中场表演的舞台喜闻乐见。这将是一个不可思议的夜晚。”[5]
这也是百事可乐连续第5年赞助超级碗中场表演。
过程[编辑]
有消息称，NFL禁止中场秀的表演者提及总统唐纳德·特朗普，NFL出面驳斥了这条消息。NFL的代表发布公告称：“”
时尚[编辑]
原先穿着大胆时尚的嘎嘎小姐在专辑《乔安》发行后，穿衣风格开始走简约风。在中场秀前，大家都在猜测她会穿什么服装表演。[6]范思哲为
无人机[编辑]
当嘎嘎小姐在NRG球场的屋顶表演时，300架由英特尔研发的Shooting Star灯光秀无人机腾空为表演助阵。[7]
商业表现[编辑]
在美国，有1.175亿电视观众收看了本次中场秀演出，是继凱蒂·佩芮在2015年中场秀之后，收视人数第二高的超级碗中场表演。也是连续第四年，中场表演的收视人数高于超级碗比赛本身，本届超级碗比赛的收视人数为1.113亿。[8]2017年2月17日，NFL 官方宣布本次中场秀基于电视观众以及在数字媒体和社交媒体平台（包括NFL.com，NFL 在Facebook、Twitter、YouTube 的官方页面，仅YouTube 页面在中场秀直播是就有2800万的观看量）观众的多平台收看人数达到1.5亿。NFL 之前从未将社交媒体纳入收视人数的统计。[9][10]
Twitter 上共有510万条推文关于本届的中场表演，其中有220万产生于演出期间，这让嘎嘎小姐成为史上推文讨论最多的演出艺人。
表演曲目[编辑]
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以下歌曲在本次中场表演中演唱[11]：
- 天佑美国（God Bless America）/这是你的土地（This Land Is Your Land）（预先录制的入场视频）
- 撲克臉（Poker Face）（包含《Dance in the Dark》《Just Dance》《Paparazzi》《LoveGame》《The Edge of Glory》的片段）
- 天生完美（Born This Way）
- 电话（Telephone）
- 舞力全開（Just Dance）
- 百万个理由（Million Reasons）
- 罗曼死（Bad Romance）
参考文献[编辑]
- ^ Nelson, Jeff. Lady Gaga Hopes to Deliver 'Powerful' Super Bowl Halftime Show Like Greats Michael Jackson, Bruce Springsteen. People. 2016-10-04 [2016-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2016-11-09）.
- ^ Wooton, Dan. Adele set to perform at the Super Bowl show as ‘desperate’ chiefs bid to land Brit star. 太阳报. 2016-08-08 [2016-11-08]. （原始内容存档于2016-11-09）.
- ^ Iasimone, Ashlee. Adele Did Not Get Super Bowl Halftime Show Offer, Says NFL and Pepsi. Billboard. 2016-08-14 [2016-11-08]. （原始内容存档于2016-11-09）.
- ^ Coscarelli, Joe. Lady Gaga to Headline Super Bowl Halftime Show. The New York Times. 2016-09-29 [2016-10-01]. （原始内容存档于2016-10-03）.
- ^ Halperin, Shirley. It's Official: Lady Gaga to Headline 2017 Super Bowl Halftime Show. The Hollywood Reporter. 2016-09-26 [2016-11-06].
- ^ Wete, Brad. Lady Gaga's Versace Super Bowl Style Scored Big, Says Fashion Pundit Cameron Silver and Beyonce's Stylist Ty Hunter. Billboard. 2017-02-06 [2017-02-20]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-06）.
- ^ 陳曉莉. 美國超級盃中場秀：英特爾以300架無人機的數位煙火秀助陣. iThome. 2017-02-07 [2018-11-02].
- ^ Schwindt, Oriana. Super Bowl LI Pulls in 111.3 Million Viewers on Fox, Shy of 2015 Ratings Record. Variety. 2017-02-06 [February 6, 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-06）.
- ^ Ratings Roundup: Super Bowl LI Halftime Show Is Most-Watched Musical Event In History; NHRA on Fox Revs Up. Sports Video Group. [2017-02-19]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-21）.
- ^ Super Bowl LI halftime show was the most-watched musical event in history across all platforms. SB Nation. Vox Media. [2017-02-19]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-18）.
- ^ Weatherby, Taylor. Watch Lady Gaga's Show-Stopping Super Bowl 2017 Halftime Performance. Billboard. 2017-02-05 [2017-02-05]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-06）.
外部链接[编辑]
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维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：Simon Wade/沙盒 5 |
- Pepsi Halftime 'Guest of Honor'
- Don't Worry About What 'Joanne' Songs Lady Gaga Is Gonna Perform at the Super Bowl Billboard
- Super Bowl LI Halftime Show 2017 Staging Technical Drawings Live Design
- Super Bowl LI Halftime Show Set Drawings Live Design
- Will Lady Gaga's Drones Win a Lion? Intel Explains How It Pulled Off Its Fantastical Super Bowl Stunt Adweek
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