奥伊伦堡事件
奥伊伦堡事件被称为“史上最大的同性恋绯闻”[1]，此公众争议主要围绕一系列指控有同性性行为的军事审判和5次民事审判，以及随之而来的诽谤审判，都是有关1907至1909年期间威廉二世内阁和随行人员当中的主要人物。
问题集中在社会主义记者马克西米利安·哈登指控德皇密友奥伊伦堡亲王菲利普和库诺·冯·毛奇存在性关系。指控和反控迅速成倍增加，而“里宾柏圆桌会议”一词开始用来指代君王周围的同性密友圈。
这件事得到广泛宣传，通常被认为是德意志帝国内最大的绯闻，并引发德国对同性恋的第一次重大公开讨论，可与英国对奥斯卡·王尔德的审判相提并论。历史学家将这件事的后续与德国外交政策的变化联系起来，而这些变化加剧了其军事侵略性，并最终促成第一次世界大战[2]。
参见
[编辑]注释
[编辑]- ^ Hekma, Gert. Sodomy, Effeminacy, Identity: Mobilizations for Same-sexual Loves and Practices before the Second World War. The Ashgate Research Companion to Lesbian and Gay Activism. Routledge. 2015: 26. ISBN 978-1-315-61314-7.
- ^ Steakley, James D. (1989). "Iconography of a Scandal: Political Cartoons and the Eulenburg Affair in Wilhelmine Germany" Dubermann, Martin (ed.). Hidden From History: Reclaiming The Gay And Lesbian Past. New American Library. pp. 325–326.
参考资料和延伸阅读
[编辑]- Doktor, Frederik. Die Eulenburg-Affäre und die Genese des modernen Homosexualitätskonzepts. transcript Verlag. 2021. ISBN 978-3-8394-5356-8 （英语）.
- Domeier, Norman. The Eulenburg Affair. A Cultural History of Politics in Imperial Germany (German History in Context 1), New York 2015, ISBN 978-1571139122.
- Domeier, Norman. "The homosexual scare and the masculinization of German politics before World War I." Central European History 47.4 (2014): 737-759.
- Duberman, Martin. Jews Queers Germans (Seven Stories Press, 2017).
- Dynes, Wayne R. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Homosexuality. (New York and London, Garland Publishing, 1990).
- Hull, Isabel V. The Entourage of Kaiser Wilhelm II, 1888–1918 (2004) excerpt （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Johansson, Warren and Percy, William A. Outing: Shattering the Conspiracy of Silence. (Harrington Park Press, 1994).
- Massie, Robert K. Dreadnought: Britain, Germany, and the coming of the Great War (Random House, 1991) excerpt （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） see Dreadnought (book), popular history pp 663–679.
- Röhl, John. The Kaiser and his Court: Wilhelm II and the Government of Germany (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994)
- Röhl, John C. G; Sombart, Nicolaus (Editors) Kaiser Wilhelm II New Interpretations: The Corfu Papers, (Cambridge University Press, 1982).
- Young, Harry F. Maximilian Harden. Censor Germaniae: The Critic in Opposition from Bismarck to the Rise of Nazism (The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1959).
外部链接
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