穆爾薩戰役
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穆爾薩戰役是由羅馬帝國的東部皇帝君士坦提烏斯二世與西部篡位者馬格嫩提烏斯在351年9月28日的內戰。在潘諾尼亞省(克羅地亞現代的奧西耶克)的貝爾格萊德要塞附近的穆爾薩戰鬥。這埸戰役是羅馬史上最血腥的戰役之一，對君士坦提烏斯二世來說是付出慘重的代價的勝利。
註釋[編輯]
參考文獻[編輯]
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- ^ Omissi 2018，第168頁.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Angelov 2018，第1059頁.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Syvanne 2015，第324頁.
- ^ Crawford 2016，第77頁.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Crawford 2016，第80頁.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Potter 2004，第473頁.
- ^ Syvanne 2015，第326頁.
延伸閱讀[編輯]
- Angelov, Alexander. Mursa and Battles of Mursa. The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 1047. 2018 [2021-05-30]. ISBN 978-0-19-866277-8. （原始內容存檔於2021-06-03）.
- Barnes, Timothy David. Athanasius and Constantius: Theology and Politics in the Constantinian Empire. Harvard University Press. 1993. ISBN 0-674-05067-3.
- Crawford, Peter. Constantius II: Usurpers, Eunuchs, and the Antichrist. Pen & Sword. 2016. ISBN 978 1 78340 055 3.
- Leadbetter, Bill. The illegitimacy of Constantine and the birth of the tetrarchy. Lieu, Samuel N. C.; Montserrat, Dominic (編). Constantine: History, Historiography and Legend. Routledge. 1998: 74-85. ISBN 0-415-10747-4.
- Lee, A.D. War in Late Antiquity. Blackwell Publishing. 2007. ISBN 978-0-631-22925-4.
- Omissi, Adrastos. Emperors and Usurpers in the Later Roman Empire: Civil War, Panegyric, and the Construction of Legitimacy. Oxford University Press. 2018.
- Potter, David S. The Roman Empire at Bay, AD 180–395. Routledge. 2004. ISBN 0-415-10058-5.
- Syvanne, Ilkka. Military History of Late Rome, 284-361. Pen & Sword. 2015.
- Tucker, Spencer C. (編). The Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. Volume One. ABC-CLIO. 2010. ISBN 978-1-85109-667-1.