穆尔萨战役
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穆尔萨战役是由罗马帝国的东部皇帝君士坦提乌斯二世与西部篡位者马格嫩提乌斯在351年9月28日的内战。在潘诺尼亚省(克罗地亚现代的奥西耶克)的贝尔格莱德要塞附近的穆尔萨战斗。这埸战役是罗马史上最血腥的战役之一，对君士坦提乌斯二世来说是付出惨重的代价的胜利。
註釋[编辑]
参考文献[编辑]
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- ^ Omissi 2018，第168頁.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Angelov 2018，第1059頁.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Syvanne 2015，第324頁.
- ^ Crawford 2016，第77頁.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Crawford 2016，第80頁.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Potter 2004，第473頁.
- ^ Syvanne 2015，第326頁.
延伸閱讀[编辑]
- Angelov, Alexander. Mursa and Battles of Mursa. The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 1047. 2018 [2021-05-30]. ISBN 978-0-19-866277-8. （原始内容存档于2021-06-03）.
- Barnes, Timothy David. Athanasius and Constantius: Theology and Politics in the Constantinian Empire. Harvard University Press. 1993. ISBN 0-674-05067-3.
- Crawford, Peter. Constantius II: Usurpers, Eunuchs, and the Antichrist. Pen & Sword. 2016. ISBN 978 1 78340 055 3.
- Leadbetter, Bill. The illegitimacy of Constantine and the birth of the tetrarchy. Lieu, Samuel N. C.; Montserrat, Dominic (编). Constantine: History, Historiography and Legend. Routledge. 1998: 74-85. ISBN 0-415-10747-4.
- Lee, A.D. War in Late Antiquity. Blackwell Publishing. 2007. ISBN 978-0-631-22925-4.
- Omissi, Adrastos. Emperors and Usurpers in the Later Roman Empire: Civil War, Panegyric, and the Construction of Legitimacy. Oxford University Press. 2018.
- Potter, David S. The Roman Empire at Bay, AD 180–395. Routledge. 2004. ISBN 0-415-10058-5.
- Syvanne, Ilkka. Military History of Late Rome, 284-361. Pen & Sword. 2015.
- Tucker, Spencer C. (编). The Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. Volume One. ABC-CLIO. 2010. ISBN 978-1-85109-667-1.